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BookletRegional Legal Report on results of analysis of legislation relevant to antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in the food and agriculture sector in Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan 2023
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, that has been exacerbated by the inappropriate and excessive use of antimicrobials, especially in the human and livestock-related food-producing sectors. The Regional Legal Report presents the results of an analysis of the national legislation relevant to antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR in the food and agriculture sector that has been conducted in Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The document discusses the findings of the legal analysis, gives recommendations for addressing weaknesses and formulates proposals for improving existing legislation in each country, with the ultimate goal of limiting the imprudent use of antimicrobials, and therefore decreasing the spread of AMR in food and agriculture. -
BookletWhite paper: Antimicrobial resistance in the animal sector in India 2024
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No results found.The phenomenon in which bacteria do not respond to antibiotics, when given in accordance with standard treatment guidelines, is called antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It leads to prolonged treatment, longer infectivity of the patient, use of additional and expensive investigations and potentially toxic drugs, and huge economic cost to the patient, society, and the country. AMR has been developing rapidly against even newly discovered antibiotics. The bacteria are versatile and ingenious in developing a plethora of defence mechanisms against antibiotics. Many bacterial species have accumulated resistance to multiple drugs. These are known as multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms and in layman language as “superbugs”. The spectrum and reach of MDR pathogens have been rapidly increasing. AMR in animal pathogens makes disease treatments ineffective, increases the severity of the disease, reduces productivity and leads to economic losses. In addition, more than half the quantity of antimicrobials used in animals/fish is excreted as waste contaminating soil, water and the environment. This also contributes to the emergence and spread of AMR through selection pressure on microorganisms in the environment. Besides, antimicrobial usage can lead to antimicrobials residues in the edible animal/fish products which are a public health risk. -
Book (stand-alone)The FAO Progressive Management Pathway for Antimicrobial Resistance
User’s manual
2025Also available in:
No results found.The FAO Progressive Management Pathway for Antimicrobial Resistance (FAO-PMP-AMR) is a tool designed by FAO to support countries in developing, revising, and implementing the food and agriculture components of National Action Plans on AMR (AMR-NAPs). FAO-PMP-AMR plays a critical role in empowering the food and agriculture sectors to implement AMR-NAPs, enabling a One Health approach at the national level. The FAO-PMP-AMR covers 41 topics for comprehensive assessment of AMR-NAPs, and for each topic, it proposes four steps of activities and key performance indicators to achieve sustainable status with a step-by-step approach. FAO-PMP-AMR can be applied at any stage of AMR-NAPs throughout their development, implementation, and revision, by assisting countries in monitoring progress, identifying gaps between planning and implementation, and generating priority activities and relevant technical resources to improve specific areas towards higher levels of implementation.The PMP-AMR manual comprises three main parts:1. Essentials: Introduces the rationale of the PMP-AMR approach and its target audience.2. Details: Provides a detailed description of the pathways under each topic.3. Self-Assessment Process: Walks through how to apply the self-assessment process using PMP-AMR, including the organization of assessment workshops.
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