Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
-
Book (stand-alone)Preparing and accessing decent work amongst rural youth in Cambodia 2019
Also available in:
No results found.The case study explores which skills and training opportunities young people need in order to gain access to decent employment in rural areas. The research was undertaken in order to develop recommendations to support the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) and FAO Cambodia in developing appropriate recommendations to support rural young people, especially those of the 15 to 17 age cohort. The study highlights the limited decent employment opportunities that currently exist along various agricultural value chains in rural Cambodia. Poverty and the structural problems of the agricultural sector are the main barriers for youth in accessing decent rural employment. A substantial enhancement of the education system, as well as the provision of appropriate training services to ensure successful schoolto-work transition is seen as necessary to tackle these challenges. A well-balanced policy mix reflecting national and local circumstances can encourage employment opportunities and create an environment that enables rural youth. Building on previous research on agriculture in Cambodia, agricultural transformation requires promotion of agribusiness enterprises, support to community-managed organizations of farmers, promotion of agropreneurs, and investments in agricultural and rural development, particularly in infrastructure, energy, water, education and health. Moreover, most youth entering agriculture are self-employed and work as smallscale farmers. Therefore, the provision of skills and training in rural areas should focus on the skills required to be self-employed. -
DocumentCooperatives or associations? Options for wood value chain upgrading in Hawassa, Ethiopia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Smallholder tree growers in rural areas are the backbone of Ethiopia’s supply of wood products. Equally, the small-scale wood processing sector contributes in adding value to locally sourced wood products. However, those up- and midstream value chain actors are faced with various challenges, notably information asymmetry, and limited access to technical and financial support. Collective action offers the potential to counter such challenges. However, the mechanism in which small-scale wood producers and processers could cooperate horizontally still begs for further scrutiny. This research explores organizational arrangements that facilitate upgrading of wood value chains through horizontal collective action approaches. The research employs the embedded multiple case study approach, consisting of two cases at the level of smallholder tree farmers (producers), and of small-scale furniture enterprises (processors) in Hawassa Town District, southern Ethiopia. We conducted focus group discussions and interviews with 185 rural smallholders as well as 54 urban small-scale furniture enterprises, and 12 key informants. For the case of rural smallholders, a forestry cooperative as a collective form of organization is proposed. Among the sample, 73% expressed their willingness to participate in a cooperative that would arrange harvesting and transporting of wood products from their woodlots to a marketplace in Hawassa. For the case of urban small-scale furniture processors, the business association model is proposed, where 95% expressed willingness to participate. The association would ease access to trainings, represent members’ interest in policy environment, and facilitate networking. These findings stress the importance to have organizational arrangements tailored to the aspirations of each actor groups along the value chain. The proposed organizational arrangements further imply the need for empirical research to test the conceptual models. Keywords: Decent employment, Value chain, Social protection, Decent employment, Economic Development ID: 3486535 -
Book (series)Improving governance of aquaculture employment: a global assessment 2014
Also available in:
Effective governance of modern aquaculture must reconcile ecological and human wellbeing so that the industry is sustainable over time. Without effective governance, there will be misallocation of resources, and perhaps stagnation of the industry, irreversible environmental damage, and social unrest. An important component of human wellbeing is the treatment of the workers in the industry. The aim of this study, which was recommended by FAO Members during the Fourth Session of the FAO COFI Sub- Committee on Aquaculture held in Puerto Varas, Chile, in 2008, is to contribute to the understanding of governance in aquaculture employment so as to suggest potential improvements where necessary. A dozen farms and jurisdictions in Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe were reviewed for their employment practices. Information on employment characteristics, such as educational background, gender and remuneration, was obtained from farms by survey. The aim is to evaluate whether workers in aquacu lture are treated according to the law, and are paid at a rate equal to those in similar sectors. The creation of employment appears to be a decisive factor in public perceptions of the aquaculture industry, as indicated in attitudinal studies. The conclusions of this report suggest that aquaculture has benefited the overall socio-economic conditions of the areas in which it operates. The industry has provided jobs, particularly non-seasonal jobs. These have enabled young people to stay in their communities, enhancing the economic viability of isolated areas. Total remuneration levels in all of the enterprises surveyed were at, or above, the minimum wage, and usually above wages in alternative sectors. Farms also provided indirect benefits, such as medical and pension coverage, and in some cases, bonuses. Attitudinal surveys indicate that these benefits are appreciated by the local population. However, there are negative aspects. Wages of unskilled workers in fish processing are low an d working conditions often rudimentary. The dominance of large companies in areas of high unemployment can create a dualistic labour market that is reflected in wages; professionals are paid competitive salaries, but unskilled workers less than the value of their revenue product. There is also the danger that labour laws are either poorly enforced or, where violated, result in fines that lack deterrence, perhaps because governments wish to retain a competitive advantage for their internationally traded species. A number of suggestions are made that would improve the governance of labour in aquaculture. Because of the relatively long time that elapsed between the compilation of the information reported in this document and its publication, the situation may have improved here or there. Therefore, these suggestions may not be needed there. However, they remain relevant where such is not the case or for countries thriving to develop aquaculture in a sustainable manner. Note should be take n that this study does not intend to pinpoint any specific country or aquaculture system; its goal is to use them as case studies for the purpose of generating lessons, positive or negative, to learn from. Hishamunda, N.,
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
No results found.