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Book (stand-alone)Technical studyMonitoring and Surveillance of Cereals Pests, Diseases and Weeds
Report from Central Asia 2012
2012Also available in:
Cereal crops in Central Asia are affected by a number of biotic stresses like diseases, pests and weeds as well as abiotic stresses – drought and high temperature. Climatic condition during the growing 2011-2012 season was not favourable for rusts and many other foliar diseases. In addition, damages by insect pests were significant, especially by Sunn pest, cereal leaf beetle and aphids. -
Book (stand-alone)Manual / guideForest pest contingency plan guidelines for Europe and Central Asia 2024
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Pest contingency plans (PCP) are used by national or regional plant protection organizations to ensure a plan is in place for when a new pest is detected in a particular country or region, and thus to facilitate a rapid and effective response to manage the situation. This guide outlines and discusses the elements and steps needed to formulate and implement a contingency plan for key forest pests in Europe and Central Asia. This effort is complemented by FAO’s Forest Invasive Species Network for Europe and Central Asia (REUFIS), which aims to facilitate knowledge exchange, promote good practices, and build capacities related to forest invasive species, including the prevention and management of emerging pests.Suggestions are provided on the main steps, or elements, in a PCP for forests pests. The guidelines highlight the main information that should be included for a robust plan that can be activated in response to a new report of a pest or a pest outbreak, for example from official surveillance, reports from the public, or to an interception by an importing country. The report provides a step-by-step guide on developing an effective PCP tailored to specific needs. For some of the steps, examples are provided on the details that would be included for specific pests. These pests are the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis, a potential insect pest introduction into parts of Europe and Central Asia; the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, native to many parts of Europe and Asia, but where outbreaks can cause substantial tree mortality; and pitch canker Fusarium circinatum, a potential fungal pathogen introduction into parts of Europe and Central Asia. Most of the content of the guide is relevant for the development of PCPs across different regions. However, the examples provided are specific to Europe and Central Asia. -
Book (stand-alone)GuidelinePractical guidelines on three locust pests in Caucasus and Central Asia
Biology, ecology and behaviour
2024The practical guide contains detailed information on the biology, ecology and behaviour of three species of gregarious locusts in Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) – the Italian locust Calliptamus italicus (L., 1758), the Moroccan locust Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg, 1815) and the Asian migratory locust Locusta migratoria migratoria (L., 1758). It was prepared within the framework of the interregional and multilateral “Programme to improve national and regional locust management in CCA”, which has been implemented under the auspices of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) since 2011 to the benefit of ten countries : Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. This guide provides comprehensive yet accessible information intended not only for locust control and plant protection specialists in CCA countries, but also for scientists, students and the widest circle of readers.
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Book (stand-alone)Manual / guideGuide for Establishing and Maintaining Pest Free Areas
Understanding the principal requirements for pest free areas, pest free places of production, pest free production sites and areas of low pest prevalence
2019The purpose of the Guide is to support national plant protection organizations (NPPOs) who wish to establish and maintain pest free areas (PFA) including places and/or production sites (PFPP and PFPS) as well as areas of low pest prevalence (ALPP). To facilitate an understanding of the processes to establish and maintain PFAs and ALPPs, a diagram in the form of a decision tree was constructed that identifies and outlines five general phases of programme development as follows: initiation, feasibility, establishment, maintenance, and market access phases. The guide is then divided into corresponding sections that describe what the key elements of each phase are, why these elements are important, what some of the common challenges and pitfalls are, and factors that may influence the success of the different phases such as budget stability, public outreach, availability of good survey and control tools, and open engagement with stakeholders and trading partners. By providing a deeper understanding of the factors that should be considered when establishing a PFA, PFPP, PFPS or ALPP the guide aims to overcome the challenges and maximize the impact of these efforts to the benefit of all parties. The guide concludes by providing a number of case studies from around the world that highlight successful PFA and ALPP programmes and how they deal with particular key issues. This guide contains current experience and the most advanced phytosanitary procedures in the implementation of PFA and ALPP, however, it is subjected to revision and updates as new developments are made available. -
Book (series)Technical bookCommercially important sea cucumbers of the world 2023
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No results found.Sea cucumbers are harvested and traded in more than 90 countries worldwide. They are exploited in industrial and small-scale fisheries, nearly from pole to pole, especially in the tropics. In some fisheries, more than 20 species are exploited by fishers. Fishers in general know how to distinguish the species they harvest, often identifying them with local names. For fishery officers and even biologists, recognizing sea cucumber species remains daunting however as they are confronted only with the final product: bêche-de-mer (or trepang) which is the processed (cooked and dried) product. This field guide offers a tool for fishery managers, scientists, trade officers and industry workers to recognize live and processed (cooked and dried) animals. This animal resource is mainly exported to Asian markets where it is sold mainly, but not exclusively, as a luxury food item. This book provides identification information on 84 species of sea cucumbers that are commonly or opportunistically (as bycatch) exploited around the world. The list is certainly not all-encompassing, as some other sea cucumber species are also exploited. More scientific data and accounts are needed for species from some regions such as the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. The accounts are based on more than 270 reports and research articles and on comments and reviews by taxonomists and field workers. Two-page identification sheets provide selected information to enable similar species to be distinguished from each other, both in the live and processed (dried) forms. Where available, the following information for each species has been included: scientific and known common names used in different countries and regions; scientific illustrations of the body and ossicles; descriptions of ossicles present in different body parts; a colour photograph of live and dried specimens; basic information on size, habitat, biology, fisheries, human consumption, market value and trade; geographic distribution maps. The volume is fully indexed and contains an introduction, a glossary, simplified dichotomous keys to live animals and dried products and a dedicated bibliography. Readers are encouraged to base their identifications on a combination of morphological features, samples of ossicles from different body parts and information on what habitat and locality the species was found. -
Book (series)Technical studyLatin America and the Caribbean Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2018
Inequality and food systems
2019Also available in:
Latin America and the Caribbean deviates from its path toward the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger. The number of undernourished people increased for the third consecutive year reaching 39.3 million, 6.1% of the population. The social and economic inequalities that characterize the region aggravate the problem of malnutrition. Vulnerable groups, such as the population living in poverty, children, women, indigenous peoples and rural inhabitants, tend to experience more severe problems of hunger and malnutrition. Inequality of malnutrition is also seen in gender. The problems of malnutrition in the region are the result of the profound changes that have affected its food systems, which determine the quantity, quality and diversity of food available for consumption, a transformation that has been driven by growing urbanization, changes in diets and new ways of producing and processing food. The solution to the problems of hunger and malnutrition in the region requires changes to its food systems.