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Book (series)GuidelineFisheries management. 2. The ecosystem approach to fisheries. 2.2 The human dimensions of the ecosystem approach to fisheries 2009These Guidelines have been developed in response to requests for further information on the practical adoption and application of the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF), with a special focus on its human dimensions. As implementation of EAF is a human pursuit and takes place in the context of societal goals and aspirations, the human forces at play need to be understood and considered – these include policies, legal frameworks, social structures, cultural values, economic principles , institutional processes and any other relevant form or expression of human behaviour. Human dimensions play four main roles in EAF: (1) social, economic and institutional objectives and factors are driving forces behind the need for EAF management; (2) the costs and benefits to individuals and to society of applying the EAF have social, economic and institutional impacts and implications; (3) the application of social, economic and institutional instruments are all crucial for succ essful implementation of the EAF; and (4) social, economic and institutional factors present in fishery systems can play either supporting or constraining roles in EAF implementation.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookEcosystem approach to fisheries implementation monitoring tool
A tool to monitor implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) management - User manual
2021Also available in:
The implementation of an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) contributes to sustainable fisheries in various ways. The EAF-Nansen Programme has assisted several countries to understand, adopt and use an ecosystem approach in the management of their marine and coastal fisheries. The ecosystem approach to fisheries implementation monitoring tool (EAF IMT) is a tool for decision support and planning in the fisheries management process. It can be used by countries in strategic and operational planning processes for their fisheries, assisting them to determine where they are making acceptable progress and where there continue to be gaps and difficulties to address. -
Book (series)Technical studyDimensions humaines de l’approche écosystémique des pêches : une vue d’ensemble du contexte, des concepts, outils et méthodes 2010
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Ce document a pour but de fournir une meilleure compréhension du rôle des composantes économiques, institutionnelles et socioculturelles dans le processus d’approche écosystémique des pêches (AEP) et d’examiner certaines méthodes et approches potentielles qui pourraient faciliter l’adoption d’une gestion écosystémique de la pêche. Il explore à la fois le contexte humain d’une approche écosystémique des pêches et les dimensions humaines impliquées dans la mise en oeuvre d’une AEP. En ce qui concerne ces dernières, le rapport fournit des informations de base qu’il est essentiel de comprendre avant de s’engager dans une AEP, y compris une compréhension des concepts et des questions clefs, de l’évaluation sociale, culturelle et économique des écosystèmes aquatiques, ainsi qu’une compréhension des nombreuses considérations politiques, légales, institutionnelles, sociales et économiques en rapport avec l’AEP. En ce qui concerne le fait de faciliter la mise en oeuvre d’une AEP, le rapport traite d’une série d’aspects spécifiques: (1) définir les limites, l’échelle et le champ d’application de l’AEP; (2) évaluer les différents avantages et coûts impliqués, du point de vue social, économique, écologique et de gestion; (3) utiliser des outils de prise de décision appropriés dans l’AEP; (4) créer et/ou adopter des mesures incitatives internes et des arrangements institutionnels pour promouvoir, faciliter et financer l’adoption d’une gestion écosystémique de la pêche; et (5) trouver des approches externes (qui ne sont pas liées à la pêches) appropriées pour financer la mise en oeuvre d’une AEP.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookUne analyse globale de la chaîne d’approvisionnement de la pêcherie du crabe de mangrove (Scylla serrate) à Madagasar 2012
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No results found.L’exploitation de crabes Scylla serrata à Madagascar est une pêcherie exclusivement traditionnelle du fait de sa localisation dans les zones de mangrove, inaccessibles aux bateaux de pêche plus grands. L’intervention des sociétés industrielles se situe uniquement au niveau de la collecte. La pêche aux crabes est effectuée à pied ou avec des petites pirogues non motorisées, en utilisant des techniques de pêche très simples et peu coûteuses. Les ressources en crabes encore sous-exploitées, une for te demande pour ce produit sur le marché international et la rentabilité bien satisfaisante réalisée par les sociétés d’exportation justifient le développement rapide de la filière crabe à Madagascar où 75% des captures sont destinées à la vente à l’étranger. Pour que ce développement continue de manière durable, il devient indispensable (i) d’appliquer la législation en vigueur, dont l’interdiction de pêche des crabes de taille inférieure à 10 cm de largeur maximale, (ii) de réduire la forte mo rtalité des crabes après captures, pendant les phases de collecte, stockage et transport, (iii) d’augmenter l’exportation de crabes vivants ou de la chair de crabes permettant de mieux valoriser les captures et (iv) de disposer d’un système de statistiques fiables. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (series)Technical studyPacific oyster farming
A practical manual
2024Also available in:
No results found.The purpose of this manual is to give the reader a foundation of practical knowledge regarding all aspects of Pacific oyster cultivation. It is targeted at new entrants to the market wishing to establish a farm, and existing operators who wish to develop their farms and explore new cultivation techniques. The methodologies described can be applied both to low-tech, low budget, small-scale farming operations and to high-tech, big budget, industrial-scale aquaculture production enterprises. This guide focuses on the functional expertise and technical equipment required to construct and manage an operational farm in the diverse environmental and physical locations in which they can be situated, from the initial stages of finding and selecting a suitable site, to the conclusion of the first production cycle and harvesting the crop. The manual contains a brief introduction which describes the relevance of the species with regards to global aquaculture production figures and how it can form an important part of future food production strategies. Chapter 2 describes the anatomy and biology of Crassostrea gigas and gives an indication as to the environmental conditions in which the species thrives as well as the pathologies and predators that can result in poor health leading to potential mortalities. Chapter 3 deals with all aspects of undertaking a survey of potential oyster farming sites and what data should be collected and examined to assess a site’s suitability, but also which areas are best suited to different cultivation techniques. After this, Chapter 4 introduces the main farming techniques that will be described in detail in the following chapters, which includes off-bottom cultivation, on-bottom cultivation, and suspended cultivation, and gives details of some of the most common cultivation equipment necessary to undertake these operations. The techniques and strategies necessary to procure seed oysters and how to develop them through the nursery stage are also introduced. This includes the basic principles of upwelling, which then leads into Chapter 5, which provides a detailed description of how to build and operate one particular example of a Floating Upwelling System (Flupsy) which is suitable for use in remote but sheltered conditions. Chapters 6, 7 and 8 constitute the main body of the manual and provide an in-depth look into the three major cultivation techniques that this guide concentrates on: “Farming with trestles and bags in the intertidal zone”, “On-bottom cultivation in the intertidal or subtidal zone” and “Offshore longline cultivation”.