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Degradation of the vegetation cover in the White Nile State (Elgetaina Area)

XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022









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    Land use and land cover changes and the link to land degradation, Ethiopia
    XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
    2022
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    Accurate information on land use and land cover change (LULCC) is critical for understanding the causes of change and for developing effective policies and strategies to slow and reverse land degradation. In Ethiopia, the speed and scale of LULCC has been accelerated in the last 3–4 decades of the 21st century. The objectives of this study were to assess: (i) the extent of LULCC and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the link to land degradation; (ii) the causes of LULCC and implication for climate change adaptation. Satellite images analysis was used to detect the change in area and vegetation index, and farmers’ perception to see the magnitude of LULCC dynamics and causes of deforestation. Correlations were made between vegetation index with dry season rainfall and temperature. The analysis of confusion matrix of LULC classification showed 87% accuracy with Kappa coefficient of 0.84. In the period 1986–2016, agriculture and settlement areas have increased by 250% and 618%, respectively. On the other hand, forests and woodlands have decreased by 72% and 84%, respectively. These were also validated with the farmers’ quantification results with similar trends. Different causes have played roles in the dynamics of LULCC. The results showed that vegetation dynamics vary both spatially and temporally against precipitation and temperature. This study informs the need to focus on halting deforestation and development of alternative energy sources. It further helps to design future land management directions, landscape based adaptation and rehabilitation strategies to be considered by policy makers. Keywords: Adaptive and integrated management, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Climate change,landscape management ID: 3599543
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    Assessing land use and cover change, forest degradation and secondary forest databases for better understand of airborne CO2 measurements over the Brazilian Amazon
    XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
    2022
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    Tropical forests are essential for ecosystem services provision and for climate change mitigation. Amazon forest, the largest continue tropical forests in the world, have been decreasing due to deforestation and forest degradation. Brazil, a country containing most of the Amazon forests, also presents the highest deforestation rates within the Pan-Amazonian countries. The CARBAM project has been collecting bimonthly CO2 atmospheric measurements from an airplane since 2010 in the Brazilian Amazon, showing that there is a reduction on the forest capacity to absorb carbon for deforestation and climate change patterns. To understand these CO2 fluxes, we need to analyze the land use and cover change processes including forest degradation and secondary forest growth. Our goal is to assess different databases to better understand deforestation, degradation and secondary forest dynamics in the Amazon. For this, we merged different databases for the period 2010-2018: MapBiomas for land use and cover change; PRODES for deforestation; Bullock et al. (2020) for degradation; and Silva et al. (2020) for secondary forest. We found that, from the total accumulated deforested area in 2018 (17% of the Brazilian Amazon), pasture represent 69% fallowed by secondary vegetation 21% and agriculture 8%. The annual deforested area, smaller than secondary vegetation area, is increasing since 2012. Degradation has a different area each year. The carbon uptake by secondary forest and degradation dynamics is underestimated in the national communications of greenhouse gases, and its mapping is extremely relevant to policy makers to accomplish the National Determined Contribution. The large pasture areas deserve attention because it may permit the secondary forest to increase and provide agriculture expansion areas, decreasing in this way the pressure for deforestation and degradation of primary forest and contributing to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Amazon forests. Keywords: Amazon forests, deforestation, degradation, secondary forests, CO2 emissions ID: 3623188
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    Increasing green cover and carbon accumulation through afforestation of salt affected areas in drylands of India
    XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
    2022
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    As part of its intended nationally determined contribution (INDC) to the Paris climate agreement 2015, India has committed to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030. One of the strategies worked out towards this is to afforest about 2.98 million ha of salty wastelands in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab states of India. Trials were conducted on barren lithic, calcid, coarse sandy to loamy sand salt affected soil in Jodhpur (Rajasthan) and silty black highly saline soil in little Rann of kachchh (Gujarat). The approach was to grow salt tolerant species & use soil amendments. The indigenous multipurpose halophytic tree Salvadora persica maintained 66.7 to 85.2 % survival even after ten years. Gypsum + 9g N treatment gave 85.2 % survival and 12.0 & 5.67 kg tree-1 of fresh & dry biomass in arid sandy soils in Rajasthan while on black soil in Gujarat, wheat husk (WH)+FYM+urea treatment gave 90% survival and 7.17 & 3.71 kg tree -1 Green & dry biomass. A. bivenosa was more suitable with WH+FYM treatment on black soil. Acacia ampliceps (Australian tree) recorded 76 % survival on gypsum treated deep alkali soils (60 to 75 cm depth) and yielded twofold biomass (12.0 & 5.35 tree-1 to 5.43 & 2.14 kg tree-1 fresh & dry biomass for gypsum treated and 8.1 & 5.35 kg tree-1 to 3.9 & 1.56 kg tree-1 fresh & dry biomass for untreated trees on deeper and shallow soils) at five years of age. Natural regeneration of S. persica was also observed on sandy soil in Rajasthan, especially under Prosopis juliflora. Overall, significant improvement in site conditions improved and growth of indigenous vegetation was observed. Keywords: Sustainable forest management; Deforestation and forest degradation; Landscape management; Climate change; Economic Development ID: 3485327

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