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Book (series)Technical reportWorld reference base for soil resources 2014
International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps - Update 2015
2015This publication is a revised and updated version of World Soil Resources Reports No. 84 and 103 and presents the international soil classification system. Every soil in the world can be allocated to one of the 32 Reference Soil Groups as defined in this document, and can further be characterized by a set of qualifiers. The resulting soil name provides information on soil genesis, soil ecological function and soil properties relevant for land use and management. The same system, refined slightly , may be used to name the units of soil map legends, thereby providing comprehensive spatial information. By accommodating national soil classification systems, the World Reference Base facilitates the worldwide correlation of soil information. -
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Book (stand-alone)Technical reportWorld reference base for soil resources 2006 2006This publication is a revised and updated version of World Soil Resources Reports No. 84, a technical manual for soil scientists and correlators, designed to facilitate the exchange of information and experience related to soil resources, their use and management. The document provides a framework for international soil classification and an agreed common scientific language to enhance communication across disciplines using soil information. It contains definitions and diagnostic criteria to rec ognize soil horizons, properties and materials and gives rules and guidelines for classifying and subdividing soil reference groups.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookClimate change and food security: risks and responses 2015
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End hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition are at the heart of the sustainable development goals. The World has committed to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger by 2030. But climate change is undermining the livelihoods and food security of the rural poor, who constitute almost 80 percent of the world’s poor. The effects of climate change on our ecosystems are already severe and widespread. Climate change brings a cascade of impacts from agroecosystems to livelihoods. Climate change impacts directly agroecosystems, which in turn has a potential impact on agricultural production, which drives economic and social impacts, which impact livelihoods. In other words, impacts translate from climate to the environment, to the productive sphere, to economic and social dimensions. Therefore, ensuring food security in the face of climate change is among the most daunting challenges facing humankind. Action is urgently needed now to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience of food systems to ensure food security and good nutrition for all. -
Policy briefPolicy briefAgricultural cooperatives, responsible sourcing and risk-based due diligence 2022
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The objective of this technical paper is to consider how agricultural cooperatives in developing and transitional economies can help reduce adverse environmental, social and development impacts in global agricultural value chains (GVCs), including through risk-based due diligence. As an increasing number of governments begin to advance new or more stringent corporate sustainability and due diligence regulations, this paper assesses how agricultural cooperatives in developing contexts can adapt their training and extension services to help members, including smallholder farmers, meet the changing market needs on responsible agricultural production and sourcing. By implementing key recommendations from the OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains and it’s five-step framework for risk-based due diligence, cooperatives can demonstrate their compliance with government-backed standards on responsible business conduct (RBC) and increase their competitiveness as a responsible supplier in GVCs. For downstream companies, this brief highlights the risks, challenges and opportunities smallholder producers and their cooperatives may face to meet buyer food quality, safety and sustainable production requirements. Further, governments and other actors, such as non-governmental organizations, may find this paper useful in considering how agricultural trade and development policies can better support cooperatives in meeting downstream responsible sourcing requirements. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureWorld Food Day 16 October 2012. Agricultural Cooperatives: Key to Feeding the World. (leaflet)
Leaflet
2012What is a cooperative is a special type of enterprise. It is a social enterprise that balances two main goals: 1. satisfying its members’ needs, and 2. pursuing profit and sustainability.