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Book (stand-alone)Working paperThe forest revenue system and government expenditure on forestry in Democratic Republic of Congo 2004
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This report describes the forest charges collected in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It shows that the forest revenue system is complicated, due to the large number of charges and the many different institutions collecting charges. Total forest charge collection is also generally very low. The report discusses the strengths and weaknesses of different types of charges and makes a number of recommendations for improvements to the forest revenue system. -
Book (stand-alone)Working paperTHE FOREST REVENUE SYSTEM AND GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON FORESTRY IN CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 2004
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Forestry makes a significant contribution to the economy of Central African Republic and is the second or third most important sector in terms of income, employment, exports, etc. The most significant source of forest revenue for the government is export duties on wood products. Following this, there are three main forest charges used in the sector (surface tax, felling tax and reforestation tax). In addition to these, there are a few minor charges on non-wood forest products and services. These forest charges are shared between the central government, the forest administration and local authorities. To some extent, forest charge collection suffers from problems of poor monitoring and arrears of charges. However, Central African Republic is one of the few African countries where charge collection exceeds public expenditure on the sector. In 2000, direct public expenditure on forestry was only FCA 322 million, compared with about FCA 1.5 billion collected in forest charges. -
Book (stand-alone)Working paperThe forest revenue system and government expenditure on forestry in Namibia 2005
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In Namibia, the Directorate of Forestry, which is an arm of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, has the mandate to manage and control the utilization of forest resources. This report describes the processes of administering the forest revenue system in Namibia and expenditure by the Directorate. Anybody who wants to harvest forest products in Namibia must obtain a permit. Charges for these permits are set by the Directorate of Forestry in consultation with other stakeholders and public representatives. Proposed revisions to charges are approved by the Permanent Secretary to the Minister of Finance and are then disseminated through the Directorate’s District Offices. District Forest Officers collect charges on forest products and these revenues are remitted to the Directorate’s Regional Headquarters, who then send them to Ministry of Finance. The only charges on processed forest products are income taxes on producers, although it is proposed to implement a system of value-adde d tax (VAT). Forest revenue collected by the Directorate is currently about N$ 420,000 (USD 52,200), compared with a budget for the Directorate of N$ 14,849,000 (USD 1,845,500). In addition, the Directorate receives a significant amount of funding from foreign donors. The report is of the opinion that if the forest resources are well harnessed they could yield enough revenue for forestry development in Namibia.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.