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Swab and tissue sample collection procedures enhancing MERS-CoV detection in camels

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    Investigating potential recombination of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 or other coronaviruses in camels
    Supplementary recommendations for the epidemiological investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in exposed animals
    2021
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    Dromedary camels are the main reservoir for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Genetic analysis of MERS-CoV isolates from humans and dromedaries revealed that direction of transmission is from camels to humans. Furthermore, several studies reported evidence of camel infection by other human CoVs, animal CoVs or unknown coronaviruses. There is evidence of recombination between different betacoronaviruses in camels. Analysis of the Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) binding in dromedaries predicted potential binding affinity to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor binding domain (RBD), however some other studies predicted the contrary. With the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, it is not a matter of if but rather when camels will be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in these countries. Co-circulation of both viruses in the same host can favour virus recombination, and may lead to increased virulence in animals and/or humans if the recombinant virus incorporates pathogenicity of MERS-CoV with the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2. Further investigations into camel susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, the possibility for recombination between MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 or other coronaviruses in camels, and the associated zoonotic potential are therefore urgently required to ensure early-detection of such events.
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    Dromedary camels and MERS-CoV: Filling knowledge gaps 2017
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    Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging threat for public health globally and can be a cause of severe respiratory infection in humans, especially those suffering other ailments. Dromedary camels are thought to be a natural reservoir of MERS-CoV and can be a source of infection for humans. MERS-CoV is transmitted from person to person through close contact, especially in healthcare settings. However, there is currently no evidence of sustained person-to-person spre ad.
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    Technical Meeting on Understanding MERS-CoV at the Animal-Human Interface 2016
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    The Technical Meeting on understanding Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) at the human-animal interface was convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to determine the current status of the scientific knowledge on MERS-CoV and identify the major gaps that require further studies, in order to better understand the disease dynamics at the interface between humans and animals and develop practical and realistic approaches to control and minimi ze the impact of this virus. The meeting was also aimed at fostering collaborations and partnerships between institutions and organizations working on MERS-CoV at the human-animal interface. It was held in Rome from 21-22 January 2016.

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