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Book (series)Technical bookEuropean eel in the Mediterranean Sea
Outcomes of the GFCM research programme
2023Also available in:
No results found.European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a temperate, catadromous species with a wide distribution range that includes coastal, transitional and inland waters of Europe and the wider Mediterranean region. The unique and still not fully understood life cycle of this migratory species is assumed to begin with spawning in the Sargasso Sea in the North Atlantic, after which oceanic larvae (leptocephali) are transported by currents across the Atlantic Ocean to the coasts of the species’ distribution range, where they metamorphose into glass eels that recruit to continental waters. Here, they live and grow until sexual maturity, which triggers their return to the Sargasso Sea. European eel stocks have been affected by numerous natural or human induced pressures including fishing and habitat-related impacts. In recent decades, this species has undergone a dramatic decline in abundance throughout its distribution range due to these causes. This publication compiles and presents the results of the analyses carried out under the umbrella of the GFCM Research programme on European eel, which was conducted from 2020 to 2022 as a concerted action joining the forces of ongoing work by research institutes, universities, and the relevant administrations of nine partner countries (Algeria, Albania, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Spain, Tunisia and Türkiye). The overall objective of the work carried out under the research programme was to provide the scientific basis for advice on management measures towards the recovery of the European eel population, using the evidence collected as a foundation for action tailored to the Mediterranean Sea. -
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025
Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition
2025While some progress and recovery have been made in recent years, the world is still above pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels and far from eradicating hunger and food insecurity by 2030 (SDG Target 2.1). Similarly, despite some progress in the global nutrition targets, the world is not on track to achieve SDG Target 2.2. Among other factors, persistent food price inflation has slowed this momentum.The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 highlights how elevated inflation in many countries has undermined purchasing power and, especially among low-income populations, access to healthy diets. The report documents how high food price inflation is associated with increases in food insecurity and child malnutrition. Vulnerable groups, including low-income households, women, and rural communities, can be particularly affected by food price inflation, risking setbacks in the fight against hunger and malnutrition.In response to these challenges and to prevent future price shocks, the report examines policy measures adopted by countries, and outlines what is necessary going forwards. It stresses the importance of coherent implementation of fiscal and monetary policies to stabilize markets, promote open and resilient trade, and protect vulnerable populations. Additionally, it calls for better data systems and sustained investment in resilient agrifood systems to build long-term food security and nutrition. These coordinated actions are vital to reignite progress towards ending hunger and malnutrition by 2030.