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ArticleOur relationships with forests define the future forests: a case of national institutions and personal perceptions of private forest owners and forest professionals in Finland
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Our attitudes toward forests can be defined as human-forest relationships. These relationships are the result of our national context, the society where we live, cultural background, family and individual aspects, and of course, forests surrounding us. Human-forest relationships combine both historical and modern values and practices, reflecting the constantly evolving global, national, communal, and individual aims for future forests. Several disciplines have scrutinized people’s relationships with surrounding nature from various viewpoints, although partly disregarding forests’ unique characters and importance for societies and local communities. Our ongoing research asks what kind of relationships with forests are defined in national institutions, and expressed among private forest owners and forest professionals. The importance of research results lies especially in two grounds to which human-forest relationships affect, firstly, the acceptance or changes of current forest management practices, and secondly, activities in mitigating climate change securing our common future. The main data consist of selected national forest institutions and around 100 in-depth interviews of private forest owners and forest professionals. Qualitative data are analyzed in a theoretical framework consisting of both new institutionalism and phenomenological and narrative approaches in a multidisciplinary combination of social sciences, forest policy, and ethnology. Preliminary results reveal emerging changes in forest institutions that strengthen non-economic aims. Both private forest owners and forest professionals are partly in a state of confusion pondering what are the right institutions and actions for a sustainable future. We discuss the human-forest relationships that exist both at the national level and among individual stakeholders. We aim also to clarify the importance of existing human-forest relationships for conflict resolution and sustainable forestry. Keywords: Human-forest relationship, institutions, forest professionals, private forest owners ID: 3622236 -
ArticleAssessing the contribution and linkages of the forest sector to the national economy: Case studies on Finland, Malawi, and the United States of America
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Economic contribution of the forest sector is commonly downplayed by only considering its direct impacts while overlooking the ripple effects on other sectors of the economy. This lack of recognition often puts the forest sector in a less favorable position in developing national development strategy and impedes unlocking the sector’s full potential towards sustainable development. This study used three case studies (Finland, Malawi, and the United States of America) to illustrate how the forest sector contributed to national economies through direct, indirect, and induced effects. It identifies and quantifies how the forest sector is linked to other sectors of the economy via backward and forward linkages, and compares the structure of the sectoral linkages across the three studied countries. A structural path analysis approach based on social accounting matrices was used for the analysis. The forest sector was found having a promising potential to contribute to national economies through direct contribution and pathways via other sectors. The forest sector’s indirect and induced effects were found higher than its direct effects in terms of employment, valued added, and labour income. Wood-based processing subsectors in general had higher economic multipliers than the forestry and logging subsector. The real estate, wholesale trade, and food sectors were among the top backward-linked sectors of the forest sector and the construction sector was among the top forward-linked sectors for all three countries. There were great variations in how the forest sector interacts with other sectors among the studied countries. Stage of development, resource endowments, forest tenure, geo-economics, positions in international trade, and national forest policy all played some roles. The results can advance our understanding of the sectoral linkages of the forest sector in national economy and provide thoughts on how to weave the forest sector into national development strategies in a holistic way. Keywords: economic contribution analysis, sectoral linkage, social accounting matrix, structural path analysis, forest sector ID: 3485504 -
DocumentRelationship between forest fragmentation patterns and deforestation: the case of the Brazilian Amazon
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is the result of social, economic, and political pressures and its rates swing accordingly. Deforestation can lead to forest fragmentation, which may mask other negative impacts. Forest fragmentation classes resulting from a Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) help to establish the spatial distribution of a fragmented landscape. However, the behavior of these classes and their association with deforestation has been little studied. To address this issue, we proposed the analyses of the diversity of fragmentation classes as an indicator of forest fragmentation trajectory over time. We used Shannon's diversity index and MSPA on land-use changes and vegetation cover data to identify the evolution of fragmented forest classes for the period 1985 - 2018. The diversity of the classes was obtained for each year using TraMineR. This value was compared with the cumulated deforestation rate from 1988 to 2018. A correlation analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between diversity of fragmentation classes and deforestation. During the studied period, all but one class of fragmentation increased. Diversity increased over the years with a mean of 0.41 ± 0.07 (range 0.27 to 0.50), even during periods of reduced deforestation. The high correlation between cumulated deforestation and diversity (R^2 = 0.98), indicated the impact on the fragmentation patterns. Specific actions are needed to reduce forest fragmentation beyond those to curb Amazon deforestation. Keywords: Landscape management, Monitoring and data collection, Research ID: 3480574
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