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ArticleJournal articleAddressing the challenge of deforestation in Sri Lanka: Potentials of sustainable forest governance through policy and institutional integration
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.As one of the world’s 35 biodiversity hotspots, Sri Lanka indicates a high level of endemicity in most taxonomic groups and a considerable number of threatened species (Voluntary National Review, 2018). However, the forest cover in Sri Lanka has decreased from 40% to 29.7% during the period from 1940 to 2017 (UN-REDD, 2017). Deforestation has become a challenge due to increased population, high demand for land and major development projects. Although there are several policies to improve sustainable forest governance in Sri Lanka, certain fragmentations and clashes can be identified when they reach their implementation stage. The national level institutions such as the Forest Department and the Department of Wildlife Conservation face several accountability clashes with other government institutions that consider large scale development as a top policy priority. The result is the rapid deforestation and forest degradation. This study focuses on why the forest governance in Sri Lanka experiences certain difficulties in addressing the challenge of deforestation and explores the potentials of sustainable forest governance through policy and institutional integration. The research was based on qualitative data gathered conducting semi-structured interviews with officials and representatives of the forest- related national level institutions, provincial and local government bodies, environmental non- governmental organizations and community-based organizations. Additional data were collected observing deforestation in lowland, montane, dry zone, monsoon and mangrove forests in Sri Lanka during the year 2019/2020. The findings suggest that the major barrier against sustainable forest governance in Sri Lanka is politically-influenced arbitrary implementation of sudden ‘development’ policies by the government that encourage deforestation. The forest governance policies and the forest-related institutionsneed to be integrated towards addressing the challenge of deforestation. Keywords: deforestation, sustainable forest governance, policy integration, Sri Lanka ID: 3486425 -
ArticleJournal articleChallenges and risks of transition of the Eurasian mid-latitude ecotone forests to sustainable forest management
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The Eurasian Mid-latitude ecotone (EMLE) is associated with the xeric belt – the transition zone between subboreal and southern forestless biomes where lack of humidity is a major limitation factor of forest growth and distribution. Current climate projections for the ecotone (from Ukraine through southern Russia, up to Pacific along the southern boundary of Russia) predict the substantial increase of the temperature and unstable but insignificant increasing of precipitation. It makes water stress a major driver of risks there. Recent studies on vulnerability of the EMLE forests show that within the above Scenarios the substantial part of the ecotone’s territory very likely will not be suitable for growth of main boreal and temperate species. By end of this century, the critical conditions of very dry steppe and semi-deserts will be typical for the current southern part of the boreal zone and forest steppe. Alteration of natural disturbances (particularly fire and outbreaks of insect and pathogens) will provide a synergetic effect with increasing temperature and climate variability. The transition to adaptive, risk resilient sustainable forest management becomes an urgent national and international task. This extreme complicated problem requires inter alia 1) understanding by societies, governments and policy makers the particularly important role of forest ecosystems in current and future wellbeing of the nations and maintaining the satisfactory environment; 2) implementation of appropriate state forest policies; 3) need of new knowledge and information, which would be able to provide early detection of negative changes in forest ecosystems; 4) intensification on integrated research on vulnerability of forests in a rapidly changing environment; and 5) development of a new paradigm, methods and tools of forest management within the ecotone. The paper outlines scientific, social and economic aspects of the problems should be elaborated and implemented.Keywords: Adaptive and ecosystem management, Climate change, Landscape managementID: 3486408 -
DocumentOther documentProfitability of hardwood harvesting in coppice forests of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Two entities producing bed logs for Siitake mushroom, charcoal, firewood, and wood chip in coppice forests of Tochigi prefecture were investigated. After the Great East Japan Earthquake, immediate criteria (maximum values of radioactive cesium) were established. Then, preliminary and main survey should be conducted before harvesting bed logs. Therefore, it was more and more difficult to find appropriate forests for bed log production year by year according to the survey and the aging coppice forests. Moreover, stand and terrain conditions of appropriate forests would be more and more severe than before. Charcoal were mainly produced from small-diameter logs which could not be used for bed logs and charcoal production were declined according to the decreasing bed log production in Tochigi prefecture. Recently, charcoal producers themselves harvested charcoal logs and produced charcoal for tea ceremony with high values. Therefore, business of charcoal production has been stable and charcoal production has been increasing. Firewood production has been increasing according to the increased pizza kilns and wood-burning stoves. The business entity of which main shipping item was firewood introduced a new medium-sized wood splitter made in Finland and firewood production has been increasing. Although hardwood occupied 85% of production for the entity, the entity started to establish forest management plans of conifer plantation forests contracted with forest owners and produce chip logs for woody biomass power generation plants. Since both two entities had profits from hardwood production, they conducted trials to convert clear felled conifer plantation forests to broadleaved forests. Keywords: Economic Development, Sustainable forest management, Value chain, Decent employment, Adaptive and integrated management ID: 3471133
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookRussian Federation: Meat sector review
Country highlights prepared under the FAO/EBRD Cooperation
2014Also available in:
World food demand has seen massive changes, including a shift from staple foods to animal proteins and vegetable oils. In the short to medium term, this trend in global food demand will continue. There will be an increased demand for vegetable oils, meat, sugar, dairy products and livestock feed made from coarse grains and oilseed meals. There are numerous mid-term forecasts for the Russian Federation’s meat sector. Most of them agree on the following trends: (i) the consumption of poultry and p ork meat will increase; (ii) the consumption of beef will decrease or stabilize; and (iii) the Russian Federation will remain a net importer of meat on the world market. According to OECD and FAO projections, meat imports from the Russian Federation will decrease from 3 to 1.3 million tonnes, owing to an anticipated growth in domestic chicken meat and pork production. The country’s share in global meat imports is anticipated to decrease from 12 percent in 2006–2010, to 4 percent in 2021. While t he Russian Federation will continue to play an important role in the international meat market, it will fall from its position as the largest meat importing country in 2006–2010 to the fourth largest global meat importer by 2021, behind Japan, sub-Saharan African countries, and Saudi Arabia. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
Also available in:
No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.