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ArticleJournal articleAddressing the challenge of deforestation in Sri Lanka: Potentials of sustainable forest governance through policy and institutional integration
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.As one of the world’s 35 biodiversity hotspots, Sri Lanka indicates a high level of endemicity in most taxonomic groups and a considerable number of threatened species (Voluntary National Review, 2018). However, the forest cover in Sri Lanka has decreased from 40% to 29.7% during the period from 1940 to 2017 (UN-REDD, 2017). Deforestation has become a challenge due to increased population, high demand for land and major development projects. Although there are several policies to improve sustainable forest governance in Sri Lanka, certain fragmentations and clashes can be identified when they reach their implementation stage. The national level institutions such as the Forest Department and the Department of Wildlife Conservation face several accountability clashes with other government institutions that consider large scale development as a top policy priority. The result is the rapid deforestation and forest degradation. This study focuses on why the forest governance in Sri Lanka experiences certain difficulties in addressing the challenge of deforestation and explores the potentials of sustainable forest governance through policy and institutional integration. The research was based on qualitative data gathered conducting semi-structured interviews with officials and representatives of the forest- related national level institutions, provincial and local government bodies, environmental non- governmental organizations and community-based organizations. Additional data were collected observing deforestation in lowland, montane, dry zone, monsoon and mangrove forests in Sri Lanka during the year 2019/2020. The findings suggest that the major barrier against sustainable forest governance in Sri Lanka is politically-influenced arbitrary implementation of sudden ‘development’ policies by the government that encourage deforestation. The forest governance policies and the forest-related institutionsneed to be integrated towards addressing the challenge of deforestation. Keywords: deforestation, sustainable forest governance, policy integration, Sri Lanka ID: 3486425 -
ArticleJournal articleChallenges and risks of transition of the Eurasian mid-latitude ecotone forests to sustainable forest management
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The Eurasian Mid-latitude ecotone (EMLE) is associated with the xeric belt – the transition zone between subboreal and southern forestless biomes where lack of humidity is a major limitation factor of forest growth and distribution. Current climate projections for the ecotone (from Ukraine through southern Russia, up to Pacific along the southern boundary of Russia) predict the substantial increase of the temperature and unstable but insignificant increasing of precipitation. It makes water stress a major driver of risks there. Recent studies on vulnerability of the EMLE forests show that within the above Scenarios the substantial part of the ecotone’s territory very likely will not be suitable for growth of main boreal and temperate species. By end of this century, the critical conditions of very dry steppe and semi-deserts will be typical for the current southern part of the boreal zone and forest steppe. Alteration of natural disturbances (particularly fire and outbreaks of insect and pathogens) will provide a synergetic effect with increasing temperature and climate variability. The transition to adaptive, risk resilient sustainable forest management becomes an urgent national and international task. This extreme complicated problem requires inter alia 1) understanding by societies, governments and policy makers the particularly important role of forest ecosystems in current and future wellbeing of the nations and maintaining the satisfactory environment; 2) implementation of appropriate state forest policies; 3) need of new knowledge and information, which would be able to provide early detection of negative changes in forest ecosystems; 4) intensification on integrated research on vulnerability of forests in a rapidly changing environment; and 5) development of a new paradigm, methods and tools of forest management within the ecotone. The paper outlines scientific, social and economic aspects of the problems should be elaborated and implemented.Keywords: Adaptive and ecosystem management, Climate change, Landscape managementID: 3486408 -
ArticleJournal articleTrajectory of forest management to meet climate challenge: Policy formulation in Jharkhand (India)
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Climate change is one of the defining issues of contemporary world, closely related to economic development based on natural resources. Impacts and risks related to climate change can be reduced and managed through adaptation and mitigation. A sustainable development approach may render solution for mitigation of Green House Gases and simultaneously, may also delve into the prospects of adaptation. For example ecosystem based adaptation (EBA) to climate change has potential to achieve objectives of REDD+. The economy of Jharkhand state of India is closely tied to its natural resource base and climate sensitive sectors like forestry, agriculture, water and health. An adverse impact on these sectors and climate related hazards exacerbate other factors, often with negative outcome which threatens livelihood option to the poor and marginalized people. The policies and documents enunciated by the government of India and subsequently by the government of Jharkhand recognize the potential for synergies between climate change mitigation and approach adopted for adaptations. Forests play an important role in climate change. Mitigation and Adaptation are two options for addressing climate changes. As per IPCC LULUCF Report, we have three types of mitigation activities in the forestry sector- Afforestation, Reforestation and avoiding deforestation. Forests play a role in adaptation of communities dependent on forests by providing local ecosystem services. A REDD+ approach is necessary for forest conservation and to maintain carbon stock. Sustainability of forests management is an essential component to meet climate challenge. The paper reviews area of vulnerability, area of improvement, action and policy thrusts which can make forests more resilient to natural disasters and shocks. It also discusses future drivers of land use change, connecting REDD+ for Sustainable Forest Management, enhancement of forest carbon stock and achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Keyword: Climate challenge, Forest management, Jharkhand, Policy ID: 3485943
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