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Book (series)Technical studyTrends in oceanic captures and clustering of large marine ecosystems
Two studies based on the FAO capture database
2003Also available in:
No results found.Species items reported in the FAO capture fisheries production database have been classified as oceanic or living on the continental shelf. Catch trends of oceanic species, further subdivided into epipelagic and deep-water species, have been analysed over a 50-year period (1950-99) while statistics for shelf species have been re-assigned to large marine ecosystems (LMEs) for a shorter period (1990-99) and used to investigate catch patterns among the various LMEs. Oceanic fisheries constitut e, both in terms of number of species items and in quantities of recent catches, about 10% of global marine catches. Catches of epipelagic species (mostly tunas) and of deep-water species (mostly Gadiformes) have been continuously increasing and reached 8.6 million tons in 1999. Oceanic catches by distant water fleets (DWFs), mostly targeting tunas, have been decreasing in recent years although their share of total DWF catches has increased due to the concurrent drop of non-oceanic DWF catches. Trends of oceanic catches and the contribution of DWFs are examined for all FAO marine fishing areas which show different patterns, mainly depending upon whether they are temperate or tropical areas. Eleven clusters of LMEs have been identified on the basis of similarities in their catch composition classified into eleven species groupings. For each cluster, the distinguishing catch pattern and recent trends by species groupings in each LME are discussed, and considered in relation to infor mation on primary productivity and the abiotic characteristics of the LME. -
BookletPolicy briefPolicy Brief - Indigenous livestock and poultry to alleviate under-nutrition among women and children in rural farm-households of Sri Lanka 2019
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No results found.Malnutrition among women of reproductive age results in reduced productivity, increased susceptibility to infections, slow recovery from illness, and heightened risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In Sri Lanka, only 45.7 percent of women have a healthy BMI, with 45.3 percent either overweight or obese. Being underweight and overweight can impact negatively on an unborn child. The causal relationship between nutritional status and food consumption patterns is well established, including the relationship between increased consumption of animal source foods. Promoting the consumption of these foods, specifically, indigenous livestock and poultry, is one channel to improve food and nutrition security in Sri Lanka. At a household level, evidence demonstrates that indigenous livestock and poultry keepers consume more animal source foods, and contribute to food and nutrition security of the household. Furthermore, the keepers of livestock with a market orientation earn additional income from sales and thus contribute to accessibility of more nutritious food. Despite the benefits of rearing indigenous livestock, a secular decline of indigenous animals from the farming systems of Sri Lanka is evident. In this respect, this policy brief examines the benefits of livestock and poultry to alleviate malnutrition and improve the living conditions of rural small-holder farm families and provides recommendations for policy and regulatory reforms. -
DocumentOther documentImproving tenure security for the poor in Africa: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda - Case Study
Formalization and its prospects
2006Also available in:
No results found.This paper identifies the key issues of land tenure security for the rural poor, vulnerable and marginalized in the East African countries of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The report finds that most of these issues are common across the three countries, both in terms of the challenges that the communities face and imperatives that inform policy interventions and responses. In all three countries, customary and statutory systems operate side by side and, in all three, there is a tendency for policy and legislative frameworks to privilege the modern systems of property relations over traditional ones, even as national rhetoric indicates recognition and support for the latter. The paper concludes that formalization has not always benefited the rural poor. Instead, an elite minority has tended to benefit from reforms while the majority of the poor and vulnerable end up worse off as institutions and systems that supported their livelihoods and gave them a sense of security are marginalized and replaced by modern institutions.