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BookletCorporate general interestAssemble HACCP team and identify scope – Step 1 2023
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Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) consists of seven principles and is typically described in 12 successive steps. This guidance document provides information about how to assemble a HACCP team to develop an effective HACCP system, and how the HACCP team should identify its scope (Step 1) in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius General Principles of Food Hygiene (CXC 1-1969). The effectiveness of a HACCP team depends on individuals with the appropriate knowledge and expertise of the food operation to ensure that an effective HACCP plan can be developed, implemented and maintained. The team members should be able to identify hazards and describe and design the appropriate measures to prevent food safety issues for consumers. Without a strong HACCP team, a food business’s HACCP system will not succeed. This publication is part of the FAO Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Toolbox for Food Safety series. The toolbox is a central repository of practical guidance and resource materials to strengthen food safety capacities, both public and private, in order to develop and implement food safety management programmes in accordance with the Codex standards. Care was taken to consider the challenges faced by small food business operators and primary producers in low- and middle-income countries, and those with an institutional role, such as government officials, academia and capacity building organizations. -
BookletCorporate general interestCorrective actions – Step 10, Principle 5 2023
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Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) consists of seven principles and is typically described in 12 successive steps. This guidance document provides information on how to establish corrective actions (Step 10 / Principle 5) for each Critical control point (CCP) to respond effectively to deviations when they occur in order to develop an effective HACCP system in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius General Principles of Food Hygiene (CXC 1-1969). Specific written corrective actions should be developed for each CCP in the HACCP system to respond effectively to deviations when they occur. Products affected by a deviation are potentially unsafe. The corrective actions taken when a deviation occurs should ensure that control of the CCP and the process has been restored. The corrective action should address what happens to all potentially unsafe products. A root cause analysis should be conducted where possible to identify and correct the source of the deviation in order to minimize the possibility of such a deviation occurring again. Details of the corrective actions, including the cause of the deviation and the procedures to deal with the affected product, should be documented in the HACCP records and reviewed periodically to identify trends. This publication is part of the FAO Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Toolbox for Food Safety series. The toolbox is a central repository of practical guidance and resource materials to strengthen food safety capacities, both public and private, in order to develop and implement food safety management programmes in accordance with the Codex standards. Care was taken to consider the challenges faced by small food business operators and primary producers in low- and middle-income countries, and those with an institutional role, such as government officials, academia and capacity building organizations. -
BookletCorporate general interestConstruct flow diagram and on-site confirmation – Steps 4 and 5 2023
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Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) consists of seven principles and is typically described in 12 successive steps. This guidance document provides information on how to develop a flow diagram (Step 4) and confirm the processing activities against the flow diagram (Step 5) for a food production process that will support the hazard analysis necessary to develop an effective HACCP system in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius General Principles of Food Hygiene (CXC 1-1969). A flow diagram should include all the steps to produce a specific food product, and it should include all inputs, including ingredients and contact materials, water and air, if relevant. The same flow diagram can be used for several products that are manufactured using a similar process. The flow diagram should be sufficiently detailed so that it can be used when conducting the hazard analysis, which is the basis for evaluating the possible occurrence, increase, decrease or introduction of hazards. The processing activities should be confirmed with the flow diagram during all stages and hours of operation, and the flow diagram should be amended where appropriate. This publication is part of the FAO Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Toolbox for Food Safety series. The toolbox is a central repository of practical guidance and resource materials to strengthen food safety capacities, both public and private, in order to develop and implement food safety management programmes in accordance with the Codex standards. Care was taken to consider the challenges faced by small food business operators and primary producers in low- and middle-income countries, and those with an institutional role, such as government officials, academia and capacity building organizations.
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Book (stand-alone)Manual / guideGuide to context analysis informing FAO decision-making
Approaches to working in fragile and conflict-affected contexts
2019In 2018 FAO approved its Corporate Framework to Support Sustainable Peace in the Context of Agenda 2030, committing FAO to a more deliberate and transformative impact on sustaining peace, within the scope of its mandate. The foundational element for FAO supported interventions to - at a minimum - do no harm, or to identify where they may contribute to sustaining peace, is to understand contextual dynamics and how they could interact with a proposed intervention. This is essential to effective conflict-sensitive programming. The Guide to Context Analysis is a key step in operationalising this, being an accessible and practical learning tool for non-conflict specialists in FAO decentralised offices to document and institutionalise their knowledge of the local context, and thus inform conflict-sensitive design of FAO interventions. The wider objective is to minimise the risk of any negative or harmful impacts, as well as maximise any positive contributions towards strengthening and consolidating conditions for sustainable local peace. The Guide to Context Analysis is sufficiently flexible to suit a variety of potential audiences or reporting formats, including a rapid context analysis for a specific project, an area-based intervention, joint programming with other UN agencies, as well as a standalone strategic analysis to inform decentralised office planning. The Guide can be read both a standalone instructional aid on context analysis, as well as an essential precursor to FAO’s Programme Clinic approach to design conflict-sensitive interventions (comprising both a facilitators’ and participants’ guides). -
Book (series)Working paperMap Accuracy Assessment and Area Estimation: A Practical Guide 2016
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No results found.Accurate and consistent information on forest area and forest area change is important given the reporting requirements for countries to access results based payments for REDD+ . Forest area change estimates usually provide data on the extent of human activity resulting in emissions (e.g. from deforestation) or removals (e.g. from afforestation), also called activity data (AD). A basic methodological approach to estimate greenhouse gas emissions and removals (IPCC, 2003), is to multiply AD with a coefficient that quantifies emissions per unit ‘activity’ (e.g. tCO2e per ha), also called an emission factor (EF). -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookDietary assessment
A resource guide to method selection and application in low resource settings
2018Also available in:
No results found.FAO provides countries with technical support to conduct nutrition assessments, in particular to build the evidence base required for countries to achieve commitments made at the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) and under the 2016-2025 UN Decade of Action on Nutrition. Such concrete evidence can only derive from precise and valid measures of what people eat and drink. There is a wide range of dietary assessment methods available to measure food and nutrient intakes (expressed as energy insufficiency, diet quality and food patterns etc.) in diet and nutrition surveys, in impact surveys, and in monitoring and evaluation. Differenct indicators can be selected according to a study's objectives, sample population, costs and required precision. In low capacity settings, a number of other issues should be considered (e.g. availability of food composition tables, cultural and community specific issues, such as intra-household distribution of foods and eating from shared plates, etc.). This manual aims to signpost for the users the best way to measure food and nutrient intakes and to enhance their understanding of the key features, strengths and limitations of various methods. It also highlights a number of common methodological considerations involved in the selection process. Target audience comprises of individuals (policy-makers, programme managers, educators, health professionals including dietitians and nutritionists, field workers and researchers) involved in national surveys, programme planning and monitoring and evaluation in low capacity settings, as well as those in charge of knowledge brokering for policy-making.