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DocumentOther documentAnalyzing the occurrence trend of sediment-related disasters and post-disaster recovery cases in mountain regions in North Korea based on a literature review and satellite image observations
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.This study investigated spatiotemporal trends of sediment-related disasters in North Korea from 1960 to 2019 and post-disaster recovery cases based on a literature review and satellite images. Results showed that occurrence status of sediment-related disasters was initially externally reported in 1995 (during the Kim Jongil era); their main triggering factor was heavy summer rainfall. Furthermore, forest degradation rate was positively correlated with population density (R2 = 0.4347, p = 0.02) and occurrence number of sediment-related disasters was relatively high on the west coast region, where both variables showed high values. This indicates that human activity was a major cause of forest degradation and thus, significantly affected sediment-related disasters in mountain regions. Finally, sediment- related disasters due to shallow landslides, debris flow, and slow-moving landslides were observed in undisturbed forest regions and human-impacted forest regions, including terraced fields, opencast mines, forest roads, and post-wildfire areas, via satellite image analysis. These disaster-hit areas remained mostly abandoned without any recovery works, whereas hillside erosion control work (e.g., treeplanting with terracing) or torrent erosion control work (e.g., check dam, debris flow guide bank) were implemented in certain areas. These findings can provide reference information to expand inter-Korean exchange and cooperation in forest rehabilitation and erosion control works of North Korea. Keywords: Climate change, Deforestation and forest degradation, Sustainable forest management, Monitoring and data collection, Research ID: 3616353 -
DocumentOther documentA study on tree species and crops of agroforestry according to ecological geographic map in North Korea
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.This study was conducted to analyze the appropriate tree species and crops according to agroforestry target sites in North Korea based on ecological geography and site properties with the purpose of preparation of technical cooperation on agroforestry, one of the main agendas of the Inter-Korean Forest Cooperation Subcommittee. The agroforestry is one of the methods for forest restoration that satisfies both North Korea's fuel and food shortages and the restoration of deforested land and it began in 2003. To this end, the ecological geographic map (13 regions and 4 zones) of North Korea was made by using satellite images with North Korean journals. The target sites for agroforestry was classified according to 18 site conditions depending on 3 site characteristics (soil depth, relative location, slope), and divided as short-term and long-term target sites depend on agroforestry management period. And then, appropriate tree species and crops for agroforestry are selected according to them. By regions within the same zone, tree species and crops were mostly similar, but compared to each zone, they differed. This seems to be because the geographical climatic characteristics reflected in the ecological geographic map vary greatly from zone to zone. Through this, it is expected to provide information that can be more efficiently implemented through analysis of the target sites needed for application of agroforestry and needed for application of agroforestry management and the combination of suitable species and crops. Keywords: Deforestation and forest degradation, Research, Policies ID: 3623065 -
DocumentOther documentA study on the forest policy for human health and well-being : Focusing on the case of forest welfare policy in Korea
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The purpose of this study is to explore Korea's Forest Policy with respect to the improvement of human health and well-being(So called Forest Welfare). This case study explores the characteristics of forest welfare and divides it into four components, including the history and the laws governing it: 1. Forest Recreation (1-1. The creation of Yumyeongsan natural recreation forests(1980s), 1-2. The revision of the 'Forestry Act' to provide a legal basis for the creation of natural recreational forests(1990), 1-3. The enactment of the 'Forestry Culture and Recreation Act' to provide high-level forest recreational services (2005)), 2. Forest Education (2-1. The enactment of the 'Forest Education Promotion Act' (2011), 2-2. Introduction of the certificate system for Forest Education Experts (2012)), 3. Forest Therapy 3-1. The creation of the Sanum Healing Forest (2009), 3-2. The revision of the 'Forestry Culture and Recreation Act’ for the creation of “Healing Forest” (2010), 3-3. Introduction of the Forest Therapy Instructor system (2011)), 4. Forest Welfare (4-1. The enactment of the ‘Forest Welfare Promotion Act' (2015), 4-2. The establishment of a specialized agency named the Korea Forest Welfare Institute (2016)).
The Forest Welfare Policy have resulted in great gains in citizen’s entire life cycle: Before Birth, During Infancy, During Childhood and Adolescence, During Youth/Early Adulthood, During Midlife/Mature Adulthood, During Late Adulthood/Old age, and After Death. And the Forest Welfare Institute aims to contribute to the improvement of public health and happiness is constantly developing its mission for both the public and private sectors, and also strengthening scientific R&D. Therefore, this paper imply that the Forest Welfare Policy in Korea is one of the most advanced and future-oriented policies between forests and human. The Forest Welfare Policy will contribute to the development of a more holistic lifestyle. Keywords: Human health and well-being, Policies, One Health, Research, Education ID: 3623173
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (series)Technical bookLampreys of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lamprey species known to date. 2011
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No results found.Lampreys are aquatic, jawless vertebrates belonging to the Order Petromyzontiformes. The order comprises 39 species widely distributed in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, but virtually absent in the intervening tropical zone. There is one family in the Northern Hemisphere (Petromyzontidae) comprising 35 species and two families in the Southern Hemisphere (Geotriidae and Mordaciidae) comprising, respectively, one and three species. Lampreys undergo a radical metamorphosis from the l arval to the adult form. While lamprey larvae (ammocoetes) of all species are very similar in their habits (filter–feeding on microorganisms in a freshwater habitat), the adults vary considerably in their mode of life. Some are parasitic and anadromous, others parasitic but restricted to fresh water, while still others are nonparasitic (non–feeding) and restricted to fresh water. The taxonomic characters used to describe ammocoetes and adults are fully explained and illustrated. A key to adults and a partial key to larvae are presented. This catalogue provides an account for each of the 39 species. Each species account gives information on the taxonomy including synonyms, common names, diagnostic features of ammocoetes and adults (with drawings of the adult body and oral disc), habitat and biology, geographic distribution (with map), interest to fisheries and references.