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A study on the ecotourism cooperation using the forest cultural heritage in South and North Korea - Focusing on the Geumgangsan Yusan-gi (Geumgang mountain travels)

XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022










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    Book (stand-alone)
    Artisanal fisheries income diversification study: eco-tourism and recreational fisheries 2012
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    1. The income diversification study focusing on eco-tourism and recreational fisheries was completed between December 2011 and March 2012. 2. The consultant, Mr Simon Diffey, visited four case-study countries in the ESA-IO regionduring December 2011 and January 2012 - Pemba Island, Zanzibar; Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe; Ile Sainte Marie, Madagascar and Rodrigues Island, Mauritius. 3. The state of the recreational fishery and aquatic related ecotourism industry is highly variable in the countries visit ed – from emerging in Pemba Island to highly developed (but in recent years under-utilised) on Lake Kariba. 4. Ile Sainte Marie and Rodrigues Island have a generally well developed tourism sector with potential for developing more marine/fisheries related eco-tourism. 5. The study concludes that there is a general lack of readily available data (in-country) on the value of and participation in recreational fisheries and associated aquatic related eco-tourism activities. Economic research on the value of some of these eco-tourism related industries is recommended to help inform the policy decision making process and improve sector governance. 6. Landings in the artisanal sector are generally in decline due to over-fishing with limited control in most countries visited. There is therefore need for fisheries MCS capacity building within the artisanal sector in all of the countries visited. Support for strengthening community based enforcement is recommended. 7. Further research is needed on the use of FADs (and artificial reefs) to potentially move artisanal fishing effort offshore and support recreational fisheries development. 8. Both Pemba Island and Ile Sainte Marie are in need for FADs. Lessons can be learnt from existing FAD operations around Rodrigues Island. 9. There is a need for awareness-raising of environmental issues amongst the fisher communities. This is particularly the case when introducing new technology or techniques to fishing communities. 10. Future project interventions should be sensitive to the involvement of women in fisheries and the cultural norms that can be expected in each country. 11. Sector study research is needed to improve development planning and governance issues. The recent VCA work completed on Rodrigues Island should be repeated in other areas of the region. 12. The study recommends supporting existing eco-tourism related projects or projects already conceived but not yet funded (rather than conceiving new projects) 13. Five proj ect concept notes are recommended for funding: • A socio-economic project on Pemba Island (provisional budget €13,259) • Two EIAs for aquaculture projects on Lake Kariba (€10,086 and €5,827 respectively) • A sport fishery economic research project on Lake Kariba (€6,595) • An agro-tourism project on Ile Sainte Marie, which has potential to include marine eco-tourism related activities (€16,210) 14. Outline ToR has been prepared for an economic research consultancy focusing on the whale-watching industry around Ile Sainte Marie (28 person-days of input) and for a fisheries eco-tourism capacity building (business planning) input on Rodrigues Island (22 person-days of input). 15. The proposed economic research on the Lake Kariba sport fishery could be broadened and a VCA for the whole sector prepared. Alternativelythe research on the economics of the sport fishery could be combined with the proposed valuation of the whale-watching industry (on Ile Sainte Marie). 16. A detailed alternative livelihoods action plan has been prepared for the SEMPA region on Rodrigues Island. There are some short term priority objectives within this action plan that the SmartFish Programme could support. 17. A one-year alternative livelihoods project proposal has been prepared for the SEMPA region on Rodrigues Island and submitted to GEF for funding (total project costs €43,537 of which the funding requested was €35,521). Funding for this project should be considered if this project has not yet been launched. 18. Linkages to the MCS and governance components of the SmartFish Programme were identified which merit further investigation.
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    Document
    Analyzing the occurrence trend of sediment-related disasters and post-disaster recovery cases in mountain regions in North Korea based on a literature review and satellite image observations
    XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
    2022
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    This study investigated spatiotemporal trends of sediment-related disasters in North Korea from 1960 to 2019 and post-disaster recovery cases based on a literature review and satellite images. Results showed that occurrence status of sediment-related disasters was initially externally reported in 1995 (during the Kim Jongil era); their main triggering factor was heavy summer rainfall. Furthermore, forest degradation rate was positively correlated with population density (R2 = 0.4347, p = 0.02) and occurrence number of sediment-related disasters was relatively high on the west coast region, where both variables showed high values. This indicates that human activity was a major cause of forest degradation and thus, significantly affected sediment-related disasters in mountain regions. Finally, sediment- related disasters due to shallow landslides, debris flow, and slow-moving landslides were observed in undisturbed forest regions and human-impacted forest regions, including terraced fields, opencast mines, forest roads, and post-wildfire areas, via satellite image analysis. These disaster-hit areas remained mostly abandoned without any recovery works, whereas hillside erosion control work (e.g., treeplanting with terracing) or torrent erosion control work (e.g., check dam, debris flow guide bank) were implemented in certain areas. These findings can provide reference information to expand inter-Korean exchange and cooperation in forest rehabilitation and erosion control works of North Korea. Keywords: Climate change, Deforestation and forest degradation, Sustainable forest management, Monitoring and data collection, Research ID: 3616353
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    Article
    Sectoral coordination of forest management policy in North Korean legal system
    XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
    2022
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    This study aims at understanding policy coordination between the forest sector and non-forest sector for forest management in the overall North Korean laws. It investigates forest policies revealed in the North Korean legal system by searching for forest-related keywords in 239 North Korean Acts. This study focuses on two main goals through the content analysis ethodology. First, it aims to analyze the connection between the Forest Act and non-forest Acts (e.g., Energy Act, Water Resource Management Act, Environment Act, etc.) in terms of forest policy and forest management. Second, the study classifies the categories of forest-related keywords in North Korean Acts based on the four forest ecosystem services (provisioning, supporting, regulating, and cultural services). The research first extracts forest-related keywords in North Korean laws by using the Unification Law Database offered by the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Unification in South Korea. Through extracting and categorizing keywords of Acts, this study examines the state of North Korean forest management from a macroscopic viewpoint: the functions of forests that North Korea emphasizes and the forest management issues in law and regulations. Research findings provide a better understanding of the sectoral coordination of forest management policy in the North Korean legal system towards a sustainable society. Keywords: North Korea(DPRK), North Korean Forest, Forest Policy, Legal Analysis, Ecosystem Services ID: 3621727

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