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ArticleJournal articleHydrological drought risk evaluation in context of climate-resilient water regulation, conservation and restoration of hydrographic basin biomes of Brazil
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Understanding the role of forests in the global sustainable development agenda as well as the context of critical environmental and socioeconomic issues related to climate change are relevant aspects for the present day. Water scarcity and ecosystem restoration are major challenges on a local and global scale. This article attempts to address the main aspects of integrated water resources management, climate change and sustainable development in Brazil in recent decades. It is a fact that we need tools for climate-resilient water management approaches for the diverse biomes of the world. An analysis of the current model of the water-climate-forest nexus and an analysis of the integration of policies and governance in Brazil are presented with an emphasis on aspects of water regulation, conservation and restoration of hydrographic basin biomes. In the last two decades, the Southeast and Northeast Brazil are experiencing one of its worst periods of severe drought. Multi-purpose uses reservoirs were constructed to alleviate water shortage problems via redistributing water resources with temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity. Thus, a resilient approach to drought risk management, including reservoir operation methodologies for water scarcity situations, considering reliability, vulnerability and resilience are presented. The applicability of multi-seasonal streamflow generation models for hydrological drought risk evaluation is discussed. Five cases studies of reservoir operation rules as mitigation and adaptation strategies for building a green and resilient future with forests and watershed basins, belonging to three important biomes (savanna, caatinga and Atlantic Forest) are showed: the cases of Paraíba do Sul hydrographic basin (Rio de Janeiro), Cantareira reservoirs system (São Paulo) and the São Francisco river basin systems, including the Interbasin Water Transfer – PISF Project, the Piancó-Piranhas-Açu river basin and the Bocaina reservoir watershed. Keywords: Adaptive and integrated management, Climate change, Economic development, Policies, Governance. ID: 3623987 -
ArticleJournal articleNetwork of seed collectors in the Paraíba Valley-Brazil: Collective action for local restoration and development 2022
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No results found.The Direct Seeding method based on large quantities of seeds, increased the demand for seeds, is a virtuous process of cooperation between actors in the restoration chain, generating jobs and income for local communities (ANTONIAZZI et al., 2021). The objective of this article is to present the Vale do Paraíba Seed Collectors Network as an emerging action of environmental governance and its contributions to ecological restoration in degraded areas of the Paraíba Valley, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The Vale do Paraíba region is located in the Paraíba Sul River basin. The region has 2,26 thousand inhabitants and the water produced supplies two metropolitan regions: São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The current remaining vegetation of the Atlantic Forest shows a lot of alteration with few extensive conserved areas, which limits faunal activity (DEVIDE et al, 2014). In the region, extensive cattle raising occupies about 50% of the productive areas in most municipalities. Direct seeding is strongly recommended for pasture areas with little or no natural regeneration. Due to the characteristics of the region, the sloping land, like a sea of hills, requires the non-use of heavy agricultural implements. It is a labor intensive activity, with great opportunities to generate work and income for the community (ROCHA et al., 2020). In recent years, the network of native seed collectors in the Paraíba Valley was initiated in partnership with the Caminhos da Semente Initiative and local organizations. Only in 2020-2021 was there a restoration of 24.49 ha in four different municipalities in the Valley, using direct seeding with part of the seeds collected locally. More than 2,253 kg of seeds were collected and processed, involving 43 collectors from 12 municipalities. About 31,210 dollars were paid to collectors. At the same time, the project fostered the establishment of agroforestry systems in the collectors' family units, ensuring food security and the sustainability of the chain (REDE AGROFLORESTAL DO VALE DO PARAÍBA, 2021). Keywords: Ecosystem Services, Payments for Environmental Services, Public Policy, Environmental ID: 3624113 -
ArticleJournal articleBusiness innovation ecosystem and public incentives to streamline forest landscape restoration in Latin America
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Currently, there are 210 million hectares committed by 74 countries States and associations to the Bonn Challenge, through regional initiatives (e.g., Initiative 20x20, AFR100) to restore degraded landscapes around the world. Many governments have developed robust plans and strategies to prioritize areas for restoration under multiple environmental, social, and economic objectives. But once these processes are finished, restoration often stalls. Why? The implementation of restoration requires financial resources from the public and private sectors in a coordinated effort to implement the desired activities and materialize expected results. To ensure additionality and the permanence of restoration, these activities must generate multiple benefits to the landowners and do not have to come at the expense of the degradation. Landowners could be communities, individuals, or companies. In many countries, resources from the public sector are scarce, which makes difficult the implementation of sustainable practices and investments. On the other hand, the private sector faces many barriers related to the long-term nature of investments in restoration, the high levels of perceived risks, and the difficulties in finding bankable projects with landowner aggregation. To overcome some of those barriers, various practical experiences in public and private finance are showing the path to a sustainable future that would make possible the restoration at the scale required by the climate change challenges and in response to global initiatives such as the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021-2030. In this presentation we will introduce the different components of the innovation ecosystem, we will list the challenges and limitation, and analyze the effectiveness of public incentives in promoting investments in restoration. Keywords: Innovation, Landscape management, financial mechanisms, Value chain, Economic Development. ID: 3487339
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021. -
BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.