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DocumentOther documentEvaluating harvest control rules for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) fisheries in the Indian Ocean 2013
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No results found.Bigeye tu (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tu (Thunnus albacares) support two of the most important fisheries in the Indian Ocean. However, there is little research evaluating harvest control rules (HCRs) for their magement. In this study we evaluated four HCRs, ‘knife-edged’, ‘linear’, ‘convex’, and ‘concave’, for these two species. These four HCRs defined magement rules for how annual fishing mortality should be adjusted based on perceived stock status. Fishing mortality was adjusted linearly, c onvexly and concavely for the ‘linear’, ‘convex’, and ‘concave’ HCRs, respectively when the current spawning stock biomass (SSB) was between the limit and target SSB-based biological reference points (BRPs). Two age-structured operating models were developed to simulate fisheries maged under these HCRs for a 25-year magement period. Implementation and process errors, and uncertainties in key fisheries parameters were considered as sources of uncertainty in this study. All four HCRs were found to be effective in driving both stocks to the status defined by maximum sustaible yield-based BRPs. The ‘knife-edged’ HCR, which has constant fishing mortality but switches fishing mortality to 0 when stock biomass is below the limit SSB-based BRP, led to relatively poor performance. Our results indicate that a simulation study is needed to evaluate the performance of BRPs and HCRs in maging bigeye tu and yellowfin tu fisheries in the Indian Ocean. -
MeetingMeeting documentEvaluation of three harvest control rules for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) fisheries in the Indian Ocean 2013
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MeetingMeeting documentA review of Iran fisheries harvest control rules emphasis tuna fishes 2014
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (series)GuidelineDéveloppement de l’aquaculture. 4. Une approche écosystémique de l’aquaculture. 2011Les dimensions sociales et biophysiques des écosystèmes sont inextricablement liées de telle manière qu’un changement dans une seule dimension est très susceptible de générer un changement dans une autre. Bien que le changement est une conséquence naturelle des interactions complexes, il doit être surveillé et même géré si le taux et la direction du changement risquent de compromettre la résilience du système. “Une approche écosystémique de l’aquaculture (AEA) est une stratégie pou r l’intégration de l’activité dans l’écosystème élargi de telle sorte qu’elle favorise le développement durable, l’équité et la résilience de l’interconnexion des systèmes socio-écologiques.” Etant une stratégie, l’approche écosystémique de l’aquaculture (AEA) n’est pas ce qu’on a fait, mais plutôt comment on l’a fait. La participation des parties intéressées est à la base de la stratégie. L’AEA exige un cadre politique approprié dans lequel la stratégie se développe en plusieurs é tapes: (i) la portée et la définition des limites des écosystèmes et l’identification de la partie intéressée; (ii) l’identification des problèmes principaux; (iii) la hiérarchisation des problèmes; (iv) la définition des objectifs opérationnels; (v) l’élaboration d’un plan de mise en oeuvre; (vi) le processus de mise en oeuvre correspondant qui comprend le renforcement, le suivi et l’évaluation, et (vii) un critique des politiques à long terme. Toutes ces étapes sont informées par les meilleures connaissances disponibles. La mise en oeuvre de l’AEA exigera le renforcement des institutions et des systèmes de gestion associés de sorte qu’une approche intégrée du développement de l’aquaculture peut être mise en oeuvre et compte entièrement des besoins et des impacts d’autres secteurs. La clé sera de développer des institutions capables d’intégration, notamment en fonction des objectifs et des normes convenus. L’adoption généralisée d’une AEA exigera un couplag e plus étroit de la science, la politique et la gestion. Elle exige aussi que les gouvernements incluent l’AEA dans leurs politiques de développement de l’aquaculture, stratégies et plans de développement.
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Book (series)ProceedingsEstado y perspectivas del cultivo de macroalgas en América Latina
Taller Técnico Regional de la FAO, 24-26 de junio de 2024, Puerto Varas, Chile
2025Also available in:
No results found.El cultivo de macroalgas en América Latina y el Caribe es una oportunidad estratégica para fortalecer la seguridad alimentaria, fomentar el desarrollo económico y promover la sostenibilidad ambiental. Aunque la producción mundial ha crecido, la región apenas representa el 2 % del total, a pesar de contar con ecosistemas marinos ricos y comunidades costeras con conocimientos tradicionales sobre su uso. En respuesta a este potencial subutilizado, la FAO organizó en junio de 2024 el taller ACUIALGAS en Chile, donde expertos de siete países analizaron el estado y las perspectivas del sector. El encuentro abordó temas clave como el valor nutricional de las macroalgas y su papel como alimento funcional, la necesidad de marcos regulatorios específicos, y el aporte ecológico del cultivo, como la captura de carbono y la mejora de la calidad del agua. También se discutieron los desafíos tecnológicos, entre los cuales destaca la necesidad de investigación, biotecnología y capacitación en las comunidades. Se resaltó el valor social del cultivo, especialmente para mujeres y jóvenes, y se enfatizó la importancia de fomentar modelos de negocio inclusivos. En cuanto al acceso a mercados, se planteó la necesidad de diversificar productos y explorar nuevos sectores como el cosmético, el nutracéutico y el bioenergético. El taller concluyó con propuestas para que la FAO, los gobiernos y la industria coordinen esfuerzos. Se recomendó crear una plataforma internacional de macroalgas, fortalecer la normativa, financiar innovación y asegurar que los beneficios del cultivo lleguen directamente a las comunidades costeras, convirtiéndolo en un motor de desarrollo sostenible para la región.