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ArticleCase study of national timber legality systems as global efforts to prevent illegal logging
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Global society has been putting efforts together to prevent forests from rampant deforestation and illegal logging worldwide since sustainability is a common goal for the Earth. At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) called Rio+10, global efforts of timber importing countries and private sectors to restrain illegal logging were discussed in 2002. As a market instrument to eradicate illegal logging, timber legality systems in consumer countries have been implemented, starting with the United States since 2008, the European Union (EU) since 2013, Indonesia since 2016, Australia since 2017, Japan since 2018, and the Republic of Korea since 2019. In the implementation stage of the timber legality, the due diligence system plays a role in reducing the risk of illegally logged timber in a supply chain. This study investigated the due diligence system of Australian timber legality as a good practice and analyzed it according to the standard of risk management of International Standard Organization (ISO) consisting of 1) risk identification, 2) risk analysis, 3) risk assessment, 4) risk treatment, and 5) monitoring and review. As a result, the due diligence system of Australia was compatible with the risk management criteria of ISO. The timber legality in Australia was established based on relevant laws and regulations. Its system stepwise was composed of risk assessment and mitigation as well as risk identification and analysis of illegal logging possibility in accordance with origins and species. Eventually, this study clarified the structure of due diligence systems and evaluated the crucial points of these systems based on standards of ISO risk management. Results of this study will contribute to our understanding of timber legality towards sustainable development. Keywords: International Standard Organization (ISO), Timber Legality System, Due Diligence, Risk Management ID: 3623617 -
ArticleApplication of Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) to enhance forest biodiversity in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.West Kalimantan has a high diversity of biodiversity. In Betung Kerihun National Park, at least 1,216 flora species are identified, 75 species of them are endemic to Kalimantan. The area also has at least 48 mammal species, including orangutan and honey bear. Conserving this biodiversity is important to sustain the ecological function. The Assisted Natural Regeneration, introduced by the Forest Investment Program-1 with the objective to provide alternative methodology for conserving biodiversity, improve natural wilding growth, and support in sustainin genetic resources. Vegetation analyses were conducted in several transects representing different forest habitat in West Kalimantan. Both flora and fauna were recorded and analyze on their protection status, abundance, and diversity. A 2,000 Ha within the Danau Sentarum National park area was targeted for the ANR program. Flora/fauna plots were distributed at the peat forest in Pulau Majang Village. At the seedling stage, 5 species were identified. Dichilante borneensis dominated the seedling stage. At the tree stage, a species of Shorea balangaran dominates the strata with more than 1,000 individuals per Ha. Mother trees of Shorea balangaran and Gonystylus bancanus were also identified and marked for future seeds collection. During the forest patrol in the period of September 2020, seedlings were checked and any disturbance (grasses, climbers, tree falls) were removed. ANR focused on liberating seedlings and poles from these disturbances. Additionally, observation on fauna were conducted. Mammal species, reptile, and bird species were identified, in which all of them are protected (CITES I & II and according to the Indonesian regulation). Keywords: biodiversity, forest, regeneration, conservation, Kalimantan, Indonesia ID: 3488269 -
ArticleFarmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) on Nigeria's drylands: the influence of changing climate on agroforestry trees management
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.In Northern Nigeria, prolonged drought critically affects parkland tree regeneration and reduces land productivity and income. However, documentation of parkland trees management in extreme climatic conditions is scarce in the region. Hence, the need to evaluate the management via tree preferences by farmers on Nigeria’s dry agroecological zones (AEZ). To address this, field surveys were conducted in nine villages along a north-south transect, with precipitation increasing southwards through three AEZ of Nigeria: Sudan Savannah (SS), Northern Guinea Savannah (NGS) and Southern Guinea Savannah (SGS). Using Open Data Kit (ODK), information from 92 respondents and 4 focused groups relating to tree regeneration management were collected and aggregated. These include the abundance of the most preferred trees on farms, their regeneration potentials, management and propagation status, as well as usage and land-use constraints. Results showed drought- tolerant species (Parkia biglobosa and Mangifera indica) topped the dominant trees list across the three AEZ, both having 50% more than other agroforestry trees. Though farmers’ management strategies were highly relevant to regeneration and productivity, they did not differ across the zones (P<0.05) except at cropping outside tree canopy cover between SGS and SS using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Positive associations (0.5-0.8) between functions and preference for trees on farms for dominant agroforestry species. Farmers’ adaptation strategy to minimise risk to climate drivers and increase dry forests landscapes resilience made the driest AEZ (SS) had most species on farms and positively impacted the locals' livelihoods. Keywords: Trees, Drought, Farmers, Regeneration, Parklands ID: 3486501
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