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Book (series)Risk Assessment of choleragenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 in Warm-Water Shrimp in International Trade. Interpretative Summary and Technical Report. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series (MRA) 9 2006
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No results found.Outbreaks of cholera have been associated with consumption of seafood including oysters, crabs and shrimp (Oliver and Kaper, 1997). In the early 1990s, a pandemic of cholera swept through South and Central America. The outbreaks seemed to begin in Peru, where there were more than 400 000 cases and 4 000 deaths (Wolfe, 1992). However, the mortality rate may have been higher but for the readily available oral electrolyte stations throughout Latin America, established as a precaution when WHO anticipated the pandemic would jump from Africa to Latin America. Although no cases of cholera were associated with the consumption of commercial seafood, the industry, including shrimp exports, were negatively affected. The outbreak in the 1990s cost Peru US$ 770 million as a result of food trade embargos and adverse effects on tourism (WHO, no date). Similarly, the European Union (EU) banned importation of fish from eastern Africa as a result of an outbreak of cholera in the reg ion. This ban lasted from late December 1997 until June 1998, even though opinions of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization rejected the restriction indicating it was "not the most appropriate response" (FAO, 1998). -
Book (series)Risk Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Seafood. Interpretative summary and Technical Report. Microbiological Risk Assessment (MRA) 16 2011
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus are common causes of diarrhoeal disease worldwide. These marine micro-organisms, native in estuarine waters globally, concentrate in the gut of filter-feeding molluscan shellfish, such as oysters, clams and mussels. Raw and undercooked seafood, including finfish, represent the principal vehicle of transmission to humans. This volume considers the applicability of an assessment of the public health impact of raw oyster consumption, developed in one country, to asse ss the public health risk associated with the consumption of raw oysters harvested in other countries where different growing and harvesting scenarios might exist. The approach is also applied to bloody clams and finfish to establish if such a risk assessment can also be adapted to other types of shellfish and finfish. This work is therefore divided in three parts focusing on (i) risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw oysters, (ii) risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyti cus in bloody clam and (iii) risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in bloody clam and (iii) risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in finfish. As well as providing insights on the risks associated with consumption of these commodities, the work also addresses how to make maximum use of existing and/or limited resources. -
Book (series)Risk assessment of Campylobacter spp. in broiler chickens. Technical report. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series (MRA) 12 2009
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No results found.This risk assessment has been elaborated over a number of years. A number of national risk assessments that were available or being finalized when this work was initiated in 2001 were used as a basis from which to elaborate this risk assessment. In the course of its development, the risk assessment has been reviewed by two expert consultations—in 2001 and 2002—and been presented in various forums, including the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene and some international scientific conferences and mee tings. Finally, it was subjected to peer review in 2006. Comments and feedback received at each of these steps have been taken into account in the finalization of the risk assessment.
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