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Book (series)Technical bookMediterranean coastal lagoons: sustainable management and interactions among aquaculture, capture fisheries and the environment 2015
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No results found.The Mediterranean region hosts around 400 coastal lagoons, covering a surface of over 641 000 ha differing in both their typology and use. Fisheries and various forms of aquaculture have been traditionally carried out in Mediterranean coastal lagoons since ancient times and are part of the cultural heritage of the region. Traditional lagoon management linked to extensive aquaculture and fish harvesting has certainly contributed, over time, to preserve these peculiar ecosystems, although much of the coastal lagoon areas have progressively disappeared due to land reclamation and other uses. Recently, coastal lagoons have become a relevant environmental concern: land claiming, pollution and the lack of management, among other factors, have strongly modified both the structure and functioning of these sensitive coastal ecosystems. In particular, the management of traditional aquaculture and capture fisheries activities has been identified as the main instrument to maintain lagoons’ ecolog ical features and to prevent the degradation of their sensitive habitats, both from an environmental and socioeconomic point of view. To guarantee the sustainability of aquaculture and capture fisheries in lagoons, proper management plans should be established so as to ensure the preservation of both biodiversity and local knowledge. This should also be considered as a fundamental pillar for any programme aiming at the preservation and restoration of lagoons’ environment. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical reportReport of the second meeting of the OSPESCA/WECAFC/CRFM/CFMC Working Group on Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 21–23 March 2018.
Informe de la segunda reunión del Grupo de Trabajo de OSPESCA/COPACO/CRFM/CFMC sobre la Langosta Espinosa del Caribe, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, 21-23 de marzo 2018
2019Also available in:
No results found.The second meeting of the OSPESCA/WECAFC/CRFM/CFMC working group on Caribbean Spiny Lobster took place in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, from 21 to 23 March 2018. The status of the Caribbean spiny lobster fishery was presented in the subregions of OSPESCA and the CRFM, as well as in Brazil, Cuba, the United States and Mexico. Delegates also learned about the progress in the implementation and definition of indicators of subcomponent 4A related to spiny lobster in the CLME + Strategic Action Plan and the preparation and contents of the SOMEE Report. A new expanded and updated proposal of a regional plan for the management of Caribbean lobster prepared in the context of the Ecolobster + sub-project of the CLME + project was also presented. In the same context, a harmonized system of data collection and evaluation of lobster stocks that allows for minimum common elements among countries for purposes of comparing results and estimating the spiny lobster stock status was presented. Additionally, advances in the design and implementation of a proposed regional standard for traceability of fishery products, with emphasis on the Caribbean lobster fishery, were shown. Terms of Reference of the working group were discussed and updated, and the 2016–2018 work plan was adopted. The working group also adopted a new definition in the identification and distribution of spiny lobster stocks in the Greater Caribbean. La segunda reunión del Grupo de Trabajo de la Organización del Sector Pesquero y Acuícola del Istmo Centroamericano (OSPESCA)/la Comisión de Pesca del Atlántico Centro-Occidental (COPACO)/ el Mecanismo Regional de Pesca del Caribe (CRFM por sus siglas en inglés)/el Consejo de Administración de la Pesquería del Caribe (CFMC por sus siglas en inglés) sobre la langosta espinosa del Caribe tuvo lugar en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, del 21 al 23 de marzo de 2018. Se presentó el estado de la pesca de langosta espinosa del Caribe en las subregiones de OSPESCA y el CRFM, así como en Brasil, Cuba, Estados Unidos y México. Los delegados también se enteraron de los avances en la implementación y definición de indicadores del subcomponente 4A referido a la langosta espinosa en el Plan de Acción Estratégico del CLME+ y de la preparación y contenidos del Informe sobre el Estado de los Ecosistemas Marinos y Economías Asociadas (Informe SOMEE por sus siglas en ingles). También se presentó una nueva propuesta ampliada y actualizada de plan regional de ordenamiento de la langosta del Caribe preparado en el contexto del sub-proyecto Ecolangosta+ del proyecto CLME+. En este mismo contexto, se presentó una propuesta de un sistema armonizado de colecta de datos y evaluación de stocks de langosta que permita contar con elementos mínimos comunes entre los países para efectos de comparar resultados y estimar el estado de las poblaciones. Adicionalmente, se presentaron los avances en el diseño e implementación de una propuesta del estándar regional de trazabilidad de productos pesqueros, con énfasis en la pesquería de langosta del Caribe. Los Términos de Referencia para el Grupo de Trabajo fueron discutidos y actualizados, y se preparó el plan de trabajo 2016-2018. El grupo de trabajo adoptó una nueva definición en la identificación y distribución de los stocks de langosta espinosa en el gran Caribe. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyAquaculture development 6 - Use of wild fishery resources for capture-based aquaculture 2011These technical guidelines have been produced to supplement the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (the Code). The Code and many international agreements and conferences highlight the benefi ts of and need for adopting an ecosystem approach to fi sheries and an ecosystem approach to aquaculture through the principles and concepts elaborated therein. The objective of the guidelines is to assist countries to develop aquaculture, in particular that involving signifi cant use of natural resources, in a sustainable way that produces the greatest social and economic benefi ts without compromising the underlying resource base for future generations. The heavy dependence of capture-based aquaculture (CBA) on wild resources and its implications for wild populations have been increasingly recognized in the last decade. These guidelines address the actual and potential impacts of wild-seed harvest on target and non-target (bycatch) species (including threatened sp ecies), on biodiversity, and on the environment and marine ecosystem. The guidelines also consider harvest and post-collection practices, grow-out, feed and broodstock, social and economic factors, and governance considerations. They also identify CBA principles and guidelines for good practices, and provide numerous illustrative case studies from a diverse range of species and fisheries.
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Book (series)Working paperMap Accuracy Assessment and Area Estimation: A Practical Guide 2016
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No results found.Accurate and consistent information on forest area and forest area change is important given the reporting requirements for countries to access results based payments for REDD+ . Forest area change estimates usually provide data on the extent of human activity resulting in emissions (e.g. from deforestation) or removals (e.g. from afforestation), also called activity data (AD). A basic methodological approach to estimate greenhouse gas emissions and removals (IPCC, 2003), is to multiply AD with a coefficient that quantifies emissions per unit ‘activity’ (e.g. tCO2e per ha), also called an emission factor (EF). -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookHuman energy requirements
Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation
2004Also available in:
No results found.Since 1949, FAO has convened groups of experts to evaluate current scientific knowledge in order to define the energy requirements of humans and propose dietary energy recommendations for populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) joined this initiative in the early 1950s, and the United Nations University (UNU) in 1981. New scientific knowledge generated in the 20 years since the last consultation was held prompted the assembly of a new expert consultation to make recommen dations for energy requirements of populations throughout the life cycle. This publication is the report of that consultation, which took place from 17 to 24 October 2001 at FAO headquarters in Rome. The report is not meant merely to describe the energy expenditure and requirements of population groups. It is intended also to be prescriptive in supporting and maintaining health and good nutrition, defining human energy requirements and proposing dietary energy recommendations for populations. The new concepts and recommendations set forth in the report include: calculation of energy requirements for all ages; modification of the requirements and dietary energy recommendations for infants, older children and adolescents; proposals for different requirements for populations with lifestyles that involve different levels of habitual physical activity; reassessment of energy requirements for adults, based on energy expenditure estimates expressed as multiples of basal metabolic rates; classification and recommendations of physical activity levels; an experimental approach for factorial estimates of the energy needs of pregnancy and lactation; and recommendations for additional dietary energy needs in the two last trimesters of pregnancy. The report is accompanied by a CD-ROM software program and instruction manual on calculating population energy requirements and food needs. -
Book (stand-alone)Manual / guideGuide to context analysis informing FAO decision-making
Approaches to working in fragile and conflict-affected contexts
2019In 2018 FAO approved its Corporate Framework to Support Sustainable Peace in the Context of Agenda 2030, committing FAO to a more deliberate and transformative impact on sustaining peace, within the scope of its mandate. The foundational element for FAO supported interventions to - at a minimum - do no harm, or to identify where they may contribute to sustaining peace, is to understand contextual dynamics and how they could interact with a proposed intervention. This is essential to effective conflict-sensitive programming. The Guide to Context Analysis is a key step in operationalising this, being an accessible and practical learning tool for non-conflict specialists in FAO decentralised offices to document and institutionalise their knowledge of the local context, and thus inform conflict-sensitive design of FAO interventions. The wider objective is to minimise the risk of any negative or harmful impacts, as well as maximise any positive contributions towards strengthening and consolidating conditions for sustainable local peace. The Guide to Context Analysis is sufficiently flexible to suit a variety of potential audiences or reporting formats, including a rapid context analysis for a specific project, an area-based intervention, joint programming with other UN agencies, as well as a standalone strategic analysis to inform decentralised office planning. The Guide can be read both a standalone instructional aid on context analysis, as well as an essential precursor to FAO’s Programme Clinic approach to design conflict-sensitive interventions (comprising both a facilitators’ and participants’ guides).