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部长宣言管理水资源短缺,恢复退化土壤,建设可持续、有韧性的农业粮食体系











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    满足日益增长的粮食需求在世界范围内给水、土地和土壤资源造成压力。农业可为减轻这些压力贡献力量,助力实现气候和发展目标。可持续农业模式能够直接改善土地、土壤和水资源状况,产生生态系统惠益,减少土地来源的排放。实现上述目标需要精准的信息,更需要我们大刀阔斧地改革资源管理模式;此外还需要自然资源管理范畴之外的补充力量,以便协同增效,权衡取舍。2021年版《世界粮食和农业土地及水资源状况》旨在介绍土地和水资源现状,着重指出风险,梳理相关机遇和挑战。此外,报告还强调了适当政策、机制与投资的重要作用。近期开展的评估、预测和情境分析表明,水土资源消耗加速,生物多样性损失愈加严峻。2021年版报告着重分析了土地、土壤和水资源的相关风险和发展趋势,提出了解决用户竞争、实现预期惠益的途径。报告介绍了最新的知识内容,提出了一整套应对措施和行动,可以帮助决策者做出合理决策,推动由退化和脆弱转向可持续和韧性发展。
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    本政策简报阐发了贸易与可持续性的三个维度(经济、社会和环境)之间的关系。此外,简报还探讨了有助于达成可持续性目标的各种相辅相成的政策并剖析了认证制度在应对可持续性问题方面的作用。

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    What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.
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    World food demand has seen massive changes, including a shift from staple foods to animal proteins and vegetable oils. In the short to medium term, this trend in global food demand will continue. There will be an increased demand for vegetable oils, meat, sugar, dairy products and livestock feed made from coarse grains and oilseed meals. There are numerous mid-term forecasts for the Russian Federation’s meat sector. Most of them agree on the following trends: (i) the consumption of poultry and p ork meat will increase; (ii) the consumption of beef will decrease or stabilize; and (iii) the Russian Federation will remain a net importer of meat on the world market. According to OECD and FAO projections, meat imports from the Russian Federation will decrease from 3 to 1.3 million tonnes, owing to an anticipated growth in domestic chicken meat and pork production. The country’s share in global meat imports is anticipated to decrease from 12 percent in 2006–2010, to 4 percent in 2021. While t he Russian Federation will continue to play an important role in the international meat market, it will fall from its position as the largest meat importing country in 2006–2010 to the fourth largest global meat importer by 2021, behind Japan, sub-Saharan African countries, and Saudi Arabia.
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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.