Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
-
ArticleCreating biodiversity safeguards for nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.There have been many trials and pilot experiments to mainstream biodiversity into the climate change regime through initiatives like REDD+ and Ecosystem based approaches. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are being viewed as yet another opportunity to synergize climate and biodiversity actions. However, NbS is being promoted more as a climate solution than a biodiversity solution, while the word “nature” makes it seem like it may be good also for biodiversity. Past experiences show that not all forest-based projects conserved biodiversity, while some turned out to be harmful due to their “mitigation-centric” approach. Carbon sequestration by ecosystems is just a part of the overall services it provides, which include a range of provisioning, supporting, regulating and cultural services. All these are not accounted for when we focus on mitigation. This has led to a fear among the conservation community whether these solutions actually focus on biodiversity or just climate. It is important that NbS considers the overall value of nature beyond its carbon sink capability. Therefore, the socio-ecological systems mechanism needs to be well studied, both through the biodiversity and climate lens, to keep proper safety nets for biodiversity and dependent communities. In this background, this paper discusses: (i) trade-offs associated with former forest-based mechanisms under the climate regime; (ii) path shown by different organizations and researchers for the implementation of NbS; and (iii) ways to introduce biodiversity safeguards for NbS, considering social-ecological interactions. NbS is seen as a broad-spectrum solution and must advocate biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. NbS is taking an important position in both CBD and UNFCCC negotiations and future COPs will be instrumental in deciding the guidelines for NbS. This paper will add to the ongoing debate using also the available literature on NbS since its inception. Keywords: Climate change, Biodiversity conservation, Deforestation and forest degradation, Landscape management, Sustainable forest management ID: 3486767 -
ArticleGenetic test collections of poplars in the south-eastern part of European Russia for biodiversity preservation
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The relevance of research on biodiversity conservation corresponds to the trends of ideas of the last century, summarized in the Rio Convention (1992) and subsequent international acts. The greatest problem is the preservation of intraspecific diversity. According to the chromosomal inheritance theory of Sutton and Boveri, the number of possible phenotypes of two parents is expressed as 2n,and genotypes as 3n, where n is the haploid number of chromosomes in the parents. In particular, for poplars this is ≈ 500 thousand different descendants, and the number of genotypes can be ≈ 4.6 billion. Taking into account the decoding of genome data, these values can be increased many times. In forest tree breeding researchers try to identify the most useful organisms or their aggregates from the existing varieties. Since its Foundation in 1971 the All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology has been working to create an ex situ field collection fund of practically valuable clones, hybrids and varieties of poplars. The collections were created over the next 50 years, taking into account the recommendations of the field experience methodology. In different regions of the country the collections of hundreds clones and new hybrids in 5 locations; the variety testing sites in 15 locations; and root cutting plantations in 19 locations were created. Totally, 54.04 ha of poplar experimental objects were created in the South-Eastern part of the European territory of Russia. As a result of many years research, new varieties of poplars have been developed for plantation, protective and reclamation afforestation, as well as for landscaping in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of European Russia. Keywords: Biodiversity conservation, Genetic resources, Research, Poplar breeding, Poplar varieties. ID: 3488495 -
ArticleSpatial distribution model of phragmanthera plant parasite in Rift Valley Ecoregion of Kenya
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Genus Phragmanthera (Loranthaceae) family is in one of the families of mistletoes which are parasitic plants that solely depend on their hosts for nutrients and water once attached. The parasitism leads to wilting and drying up of the infested part and in cases of high infestation mortality of the tree affected. Members of the genus were observed to parasitize tree hosts in the Rift Valley ecoregion through a transect survey. The locations of the parasitic plant were recorded and used for Maximum Entropy (Maxent) modelling to determine environmental conditions making up the niche of the parasite and to develop suitability maps of the parasitic plant within Rift Valley ecoregion. 27 occurrence records representing 102 trees were correlated to the 19 Bioclimatic variables representing temperature and precipitation conditions globally. The species identified in this study is Phragmanthera cornetti (Dewevre) Polhill & Wiens with key host species being Cupressus sempevirens var. pyramidalis, Schinus molle and Jacaranda mimisifolia which are ornamental trees. Maximum Entropy software (Maxent) version 3.4 was used to determine the species suitability of Phragmanthera cornetti identifying Baringo, Nakuru, Uasin Gishu, Transnzoia and Elgeyo Marakwet as hot spots for infestation by the parasitic plant. Environmental variables weighed as most critical to Phragmanthera cornetti distribution in the sampled area were precipitation of coldest quarter, precipitation of driest month, Temperature seasonality, Isothermality and minimum temperature of coldest month. These variables were ranked using their individual contribution to the model (AUC=0.935) computed on MaxEnt correlating the occurrences to Bioclimatic variables. The identified counties within the predicted ranges of Phragmanthera cornetti infestation should begin using more resistant or less susceptible tree species for their tree growing programs. All infested trees and branches should be pruned for short term control of the spreading of Phragmanthera cornetti in the upcoming coldest quarter. Further studies into more effective control measures for the parasitic plants are being investigated for a more integrated approach. This includes use of selective herbicides and management by utilization. Key words: Species Distribution Modelling, Phragmanthera, Bioclimatic variables, ecological niche ID: 3623688
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
No results found.