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Measuring Sustainability in Cotton Farming Systems

Towards a Guidance Framework










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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Enhancing the cotton sector in Latin America and the Caribbean with innovation’s technologies through South-South cooperation 2022
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    The case study on the collaboration between FAO and the Embrapa aims to highlight the results achieved within the framework of the Brazil-FAO International Cooperation Program with a particular focus on Embrapa's technical support during the implementation of the +Cotton Project in five countries in the Latin American and Caribbean region. The document presents key achievements on seed validation and policy review, training, cotton boll weevil control, and machinery adapted to cotton family farming including the transference of technology for the region, as well as a way forward in support of the integration and implementation of a sustainability model to strengthen cotton production systems for cotton family farming, and strengthening of strategic themes at the regional level for the cotton sector.
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    Can budget support to the cotton sector be used more efficiently? An assessment of the policy support measures in Mali and Burkina Faso. 2015
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    In Burkina Faso and Mali, cotton is the most important cash crop, given its high contribution to the GDP and to the export sector revenue. Export of cotton lint accounted for 60 and 15 percent of the value of national exports, respectively, in 2014. To maintain the level of cotton production, the two Governments support the sector. Indeed, the analysis based on the Monitoring and Analysing Food and Agricultural Policies (MAFAP) methodology show that producers received incentives of 21 and 12 p ercent in Burkina Faso and Mali, respectively, between 2005 and 2012 (Nominal Rate of Protection-NRP). The analysis provides insights on the level of domestic price protection that compensates price distortions resulting from on one hand, exogenous causes namely the international price distortions and the exchange rate misalignment and on the other hand, endogenous inefficiencies such as the high transport or processing costs. Two adjusted NRP are computed, one using an adjusted benchmark price for cotton that is netted out of policy interventions at the international level (Anderson, 2006) and one using an alternate, non-misaligned exchange rate (BCEAO, 2013). The value chain inefficiencies are then discussed, using the Market Development Gap indicator which reveals that higher producer price could be obtained if inefficiencies were corrected through sound investment policies. Finally, a budgetary allocation analysis is proposed, along with the computation of Nominal Rates of Assist ance that reveal the full extent of policy support to the cotton value chain. Price intervention, with other cotton-related budgetary transfers, represented 9 percent of food and agricultural expenditure in Burkina Faso between 2006 and 2012 and 31 percent in Mali.
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    Document
    Climate Change, Food Security and Insurance Systems for Family Farming
    Brazil case: Climate, income and price insurance programs.
    2016
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    Family Farming Insurance Disasters resulting from weather changes cause the greatest economic impacts on the region (70% of emergencies are weather-related). Annual costs of approximately 2.2% of the GDP (base year 2010) are estimated to face disasters, in lack of climate change adaptation actions. The global climate risk index estimated based on information from 1995 to 2014, indicates that 4 out of the 10 countries with the highest risk index are in Latin America and the Caribbean: Honduras, H aiti, Nicaragua and Guatemala. In the region, one third of the population lives in high risk zones due to exposure to geological and hydro-meteorological threats. Climate change is also increasing the dispersal area of plant and animal plagues and diseases, in addition to increasing the probability of outbreaks and intensified effects. Through the enactment of Law 5,969 of 1973, Brazil established the Agricultural and Livestock Activity Guarantee Program (PROAGRO) to protect farmers from rural loan obligations. In 2004, it created “PROAGRO Mais”, for producers associated to the National Program for the Strengthening of Family Farming (PRONAF). Currently, PROAGRO protects medium-sized farmers (PRONAMP), and PROAGRO Mais protects PRONAF beneficiaries. PROAGRO Mais guarantees, in cost operations, up to 80% of the expected gross income, covering financing and up to R$ 20 thousand of the estimated net income; and for investment operations, coverage limit is 95% of the expected gross inco me, deducting the coverage by cost operations. In cost operations, PRONAF beneficiary participation is mandatory, while in investment operations, it is optional. Harvest Guarantee In Latin America and the Caribbean, family farming is very important for the food security and nutrition of all population. Approximately 81% of agricultural endeavours correspond to family farmers and, depending on the country, they provide 27% to 67% of the food. Family farming generates 57% to 77% of agricultural j obs in the region, so its is a very important job-generation sector. To continue boosting food security and sustainable development, family farming has three important challenges: 1) to produce more assorted and nutritional foods, 2) to continue creating safer and more stable jobs, and 3) to favour the appropriate use of resources used in production. Harvest Guarantee is a program that supports family farmers below the poverty line, with emphasis on the Brazilian Semiarid Zone, where losses due to drought are frequent. It was established by Law 10,420, of April 10, 2002. Price Guarantee for Family Farming This is a Federal Government program that offers the family farmer with PRONAF loan, a protection against price reductions. Currently, 51 products have a guarantee price. Rural population in the region lives in an extremely precarious situation because the poorest population plus the population in economic vulnerability situation correspond to 80% of the total rural population. Many family farmers in this percentage have their livelihoods depending greatly on environmental factors and natural resources.

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