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整个食品链的食品安全综合管理方式










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    通报信息和参与-墨西哥的经验 2002
    食品安全对于墨西哥的发展至关重要,因为它可影响到人民的健康、就业机会的创造、投资的流入量、食品的公平贸易,从全面而言,则是影响到国家的效率和生产力。受污染食品问题涉及不同部门的职责,需要进行协调、制订一项综合战略、明确界定从农场到餐桌全程保证食品安全的责任;还需要设计有关模式,据以测定食品安全对每一参与单位政策目标的贡献率。
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    一般风险管理领域各国经验的信息交流 2002
    风险管理是一个涉及面很广的主题;题为“一般风险管理领域各国经验的信息交流”的讨论组要详细讨论两个具体的议题:“减少食品危害,包括微生物危害和其他危害,重点注意正在出现的危害”和“通过食物链实现食物安全管理的综合方针”。我想在开始讨论组的辩论时先超出这个范围谈一谈主题的各个方面,以及风险管理人员和决策者可如何加以处理。
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    减少食品传播的危险,包括微生物和其他危险,重点是新出现的危险 2002
    食品安全管理人员的最终风险治理目标是控制或减少食品传播的危险,从而减少食品传播的发病率。风险治理涉及到根据现有资料权衡政策方案、选择及执行保护公众健康的适当控制方案。要能奏效,风险治理战略必须与所有有关方面不间断地交流信息来加以制定,从而确保该过程和战略被视为透明可靠。此外风险治理战略必须随着新危险的出现和科技进步而不断变化。

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    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
    Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
    2021
    In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.
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    The future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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    What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.
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    Booklet
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    Emissions due to agriculture
    Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
    2021
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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.