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Food systems and COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean

Impacts and opportunities in fresh food production












FAO and ECLAC. 2020. ​Food systems and COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean: Impacts and opportunities in fresh food production. Bulletin 11. Santiago, FAO.



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    The ongoing pandemic has threatened the food and nutritional security of millions of Latin Americans and Caribbean people. These interruptions in the links of the value chain of the agri-food system have resulted in greater food loss and waste. We are not yet in a position to say when the rate of contagion will decrease, or when we will return to normal. Such uncertainty makes it imperative to analyze how food losses and waste affect food systems, how how this can be prevented.
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    The humanitarian situation in Myanmar is characterized by a complex combination of vulnerability to natural disasters, food insecurity, malnutrition, armed conflict, inter-communal tensions, displacement, trafficking and perilous migration. So far, the Yangon/Bago metropolitan region of Myanmar has been most affected by COVID-19, while 10 out of 15 states and regions have reported cases. In case of a major surge in numbers, the health system would be quickly overloaded. On 13 March 2020, the Government set up the Central Committee on Prevention, Control and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease, and responded with a wide range of urgent and essential measures to prevent the spread of the virus. While food production does not yet seem to have been impacted, rural livelihoods are facing increasing financial pressure in the midst of decreasing incomes and remittances as the planting season begins. In the framework of the Global Humanitarian Response Plan for COVID-19, FAO has revised its humanitarian response for 2020 to mitigate the effects of the pandemic and address the needs of the most vulnerable households.
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    Productive public investment in agriculture for economic recovery with rural well-being: an analysis of prospective scenarios for Mexico 2021
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    Mexico's gross domestic product (GDP) contracted unprecedentedly as a result of the COVID-19 crisis. While the primary sector has relatively been the most resilient, the agriculture sector lacks sufficiently strong productive dynamism and has high rates of informal work and low wages. Investing more in the sector's productive infrastructure would help accelerate economic recovery while improving people’s well-being. A public investment policy should be developed on the basis of evidence, such as that provided in this study. In 21 prospective scenarios that simulate the allocation of additional public investment in productive infrastructure across subsectors of agriculture, equivalent to 0.25 percent of GDP (around MXN 50 billion) between 2021 and 2023, there is an improvement in total and agrifood GDP, and in the well-being of the Mexican people, as measured by private consumption and rural poverty reduction. However, it is recommended that new investment be focused on certain subsectors and that it be financed through foreign borrowing. According to a ranking of subsectors that receive new investment, the sugar cane subsector ranks first in three of the four variables considered (private consumption, total GDP, agrifood GDP and rural poverty). Cereals, mainly maize, but also others (rice, sorghum, oats, barley and other cereals), and the more export-oriented crops, such as flowers and coffee, also appear at the top of the ranking.

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