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COAG/2022/14 - )SOLAW حالة الموارد من الأراضي والمياه في العالم للأغذية والزراعة ) 21













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    حالة الموارد من الأراضي والمياه في العالم للأغذية والزراعة: نظم على حافة الانهيار (2021)
    2021 ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻲ
    2021
    تفرض تلبية الطلب المتزايد على الغذاء ضغوطًا على الموارد من المياه والأراضي والتربة في العالم. وللزراعة دورها في تخفيف هذه الضغوط والمساهمة بشكل إيجابي في تحقيق أهداف المناخ والتنمية. ومن الممكن أن تؤدي الممارسات الزراعية المستدامة إلى تحسينات مباشرة في حالة الأراضي والتربة والمياه، وإلى توليد فوائد على مستوى النظام الإيكولوجي، فضلًا عن الحد من الانبعاثات الناتجة عن الأراضي. ويتطلب تحقيق كل هذه الأمور معلومات دقيقة وتغييرًا كبيرًا في كيفية إدارتنا للموارد. كما يتطلب بذل جهود مكمّلة من خارج مجال إدارة الموارد الطبيعية من أجل زيادة أوجه التآزر إلى أقصى حد وإدارة المقايضات.ويتمثل الهدف من تقرير حالة الموارد من الأراضي والمياه في العالم للأغذية والزراعة لعام 2021 في التوعية بحالة الموارد من الأراضي والمياه، مسلطًا الضوء على المخاطر ومبيّنًا الفرص والتحديات ذات الصلة. وهو يهدف كذلك إلى التأكيد على المساهمة الأساسية للسياسات العامة والمؤسسات والاستثمارات المناسبة. وتشير التقييمات والتوقعات والسيناريوهات الأخيرة إلى تسارع وتيرة استنزاف الموارد من الأراضي والمياه وما يرتبط بها من فقدان للتنوع البيولوجي. ويُبرز تقرير هذا العام المخاطر والاتجاهات الرئيسية المتعلقة بالموارد من أراض وتربة ومياه، ويقدّم وسائل لمعالجة المنافسة الدائرة بين مستخدمي الموارد، وللإتيان بالفوائد المنشودة. ويضيف التقرير بيانات حديثة إلى قاعدة المعارف، ويقدّم مجموعةً من الاستجابات والإجراءات لتمكين صانعي القرارات من القيام بانتقال مُستنير من التدهور والانكشاف إلى الاستدامة والقدرة على الصمود.
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    حالة الموارد من الأراضي والمياه في العالم للأغذية والزراعة
    إدارة النظم المعرضة للخطر
    2011
    This edition of The State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture presents objective and comprehensive information and analyses on the current state, trends and challenges facing two of the most important agricultural production factors: land and water. Land and water resources are central to agriculture and rural development, and are intrinsically linked to global challenges of food insecurity and poverty, climate change adaptation and mitigation, as well as d egradation and depletion of natural resources that affect the livelihoods of millions of rural people across the world. Current projections indicate that world population will increase from 6.9 billion people today to 9.1 billion in 2050. In addition, economic progress, notably in the emerging countries, translates into increased demand for food and diversified diets. World food demand will surge as a result, and it is projected that food production will increase by 70 percent in t he world and by 100 percent in the developing countries. Yet both land and water resources, the basis of our food production, are finite and already under heavy stress, and future agricultural production will need to be more productive and more sustainable at the same time.

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    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
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    In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.
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    Emissions due to agriculture
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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.
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    Food loss analysis: causes and solutions – The Republic of Uganda. Beans, maize, and sunflower studies 2019
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    This report illustrates the food loss assessment studies undertaken along the maize, sunflower and beans supply chains in Uganda in 2015-16 and 2016-17. They aimed to identify the critical loss points in the selected supply chains, the key stages at which food losses occur, why they occur, the extent and impact of food losses and the economic, social and environmental implications of the food losses. Furthermore, these studies also evaluated the feasibility of potential interventions to reduce food losses and waste.