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ProjectProgramme / project reportD7.5.1: Software architecture for the ontology-based Fisheries Stock Depletion Assessment System (FSDAS)
NeOn: Lifecycle Support for Networked Ontologies, Integrated Project (IST-2005-027595). Priority: IST-2004-2.4.7, "Semantic-based knowledge and content systems"
2007Also available in:
No results found.This document describes the architecture for the ontology-driven Fisheries Stock Depletion Assessment System (FSDAS). The goal is to provide with technical details to support T7.6 implementing activity. -
ProjectProgramme / project report7.3.1: Results from experiments in ontology learning including evaluation and recommendation
NeOn: Lifecycle Support for Networked Ontologies, Integrated Project (IST-2005-027595). Priority: IST-2004-2.4.7,
2007Also available in:
No results found.This document describes the Ontology Learning experiments we performed in order to recommend a set of ontology learning techniques to enhance the ontology engineering process in the fisheries domain in place at FAO. Experiments have been conceived in the wider context of the WorkPackage 7 of the NeOn Project. The main contribution of this document to WP7 is a set of recommendations and best practices to exploit semi-automatic technique to acquire knowledge either from domain specific documents a nd existing ontologies. The basic criterion for success indication adopted is the reduction of the development time required for the Ontology Engineering process actually in place at FAO. After a brief overview of WP7, the document addresses the following issues: to describe the state of the art in ontology learning and; to set up an evaluation case study in the fisheries domain; to identify suitable techniques which can be profitably applied to fit the user’s requirements; to evaluate such tech niques in the use case scenario, and, finally, to provide a set of recommendations indicating the most reliable techniques to be included in the ontology engineering lifecycle. -
ProjectProgramme / project reportD7.2.2: Revised and enhanced fisheries ontologies
NeOn: Lifecycle Support for Networked Ontologies, Integrated Project (IST-2005-027595). Priority: IST-2004-2.4.7, "Semantic-based knowledge and content systems"
2007Also available in:
No results found.This document describes and discusses the fisheries ontologies developed for use within the Fish Stock Depletion Assessment System (FSDAS). All ontologies are publicly available from the FAO website, from http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/fi. This document is organized as follows. In Chapter 1 we place our work in the context of the WP7 case study. In Chapter 2 we describe previous attempts to create ontologies for the fisheries domain. In Chapter 3 we recap the user requirements presented i n our previous deliverable D7.1.1, with special attention to the functionalities needed for modelling, population and maintenance. In Chapter 4 we describe the domains and the data on which the ontologies described here are based. In Chapter 5 we describe the fisheries database where the data used to populate the fisheries ontologies is stored; we also introduce the tool used for population of the ontologies. In Chapter 6 we describe the models of all ontologies produced. In Chapter 7 we discuss some features of the ontologies. In Chapter 8 we summarize the lessons learned in the course of this work. Finally, in Chapter 9 we draw our conclusions. This document also includes four Annexes: the list of naming conventions adopted (Annex I), an essential glossary of fisheries terms (Annex II) a list of acronyms (Annex III) and a report on the conversion of the XML schema for fisheries factsheets into an ontology.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023
Urbanization, agrifood systems transformation and healthy diets across the rural–urban continuum
2023This report provides an update on global progress towards the targets of ending hunger (SDG Target 2.1) and all forms of malnutrition (SDG Target 2.2) and estimates on the number of people who are unable to afford a healthy diet. Since its 2017 edition, this report has repeatedly highlighted that the intensification and interaction of conflict, climate extremes and economic slowdowns and downturns, combined with highly unaffordable nutritious foods and growing inequality, are pushing us off track to meet the SDG 2 targets. However, other important megatrends must also be factored into the analysis to fully understand the challenges and opportunities for meeting the SDG 2 targets. One such megatrend, and the focus of this year’s report, is urbanization. New evidence shows that food purchases in some countries are no longer high only among urban households but also among rural households. Consumption of highly processed foods is also increasing in peri-urban and rural areas of some countries. These changes are affecting people’s food security and nutrition in ways that differ depending on where they live across the rural–urban continuum. This timely and relevant theme is aligned with the United Nations General Assembly-endorsed New Urban Agenda, and the report provides recommendations on the policies, investments and actions needed to address the challenges of agrifood systems transformation under urbanization and to enable opportunities for ensuring access to affordable healthy diets for everyone.