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Prediction of wildland-urban interface fires using a digital twin

XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022









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    Article
    The wildland-urban interface of the United States under changing conditions
    XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
    2022
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    The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is an ecological and social landscape where Americans live with, recreate in, and depend on forests most directly. Such WUI areas have rapidly expanded in the U.S. over the past several decades and currently encompass 10% of the conterminous U.S. land area, 14% of total forestland, and hold 33% of all houses. This presentation summarizes a forthcoming U.S. national assessment of forest research needs related to an increasing WUI in a changing climate. Designed to provide closer linkages between forest science and national policy, the comprehensive assessment addresses the full range of forest research needs including both threats and opportunities related to wildfire, biodiversity, human health, social dimensions, water quality, invasive species, mapping and monitoring. The assessment is cast in a social-ecological framework to consider the complex interactions and cascading consequences of forest, demographic, and climate changes that shape WUI environments and forest dynamics therein. As settings where people live in close proximity to natural vegetation, the WUI provides a unique opportunity to take proactive steps to improve ecosystem health and community wellbeing. Keywords: Research, Monitoring and data collection, Climate change, Biodiversity conservation, Social protection ID: 3602561
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    Ecohydrology-based management as a tool for preventing wildfires in the Mediterranean urban interface area
    XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
    2022
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    The adaptation to climate change of forest areas with intense anthropic pressure requires innovative management models characterized by an increasingly efficient use of available resources. In Mediterranean areas, the most intense and persistent droughts alter the water relations in the soil-plant-atmosphere (SPA) continuum and therefore the flammability of the vegetation and the risk of wildfires. The main aim of this work is to present the potential of using detailed information characterizing the SPA for estimating key variables used for forest fire prevention. To this end, physiological, ecohydrological and meteorological measurements (water potential, soil/plant water content, sap flow, etc.) are carried out to model the response of live fuel moisture content (LFMC) to environmental conditions in representative Aleppo pine plots located in a forested area close to Valencia city (Spain). In addition, spectral indexes estimated from Sentinel bands (NDVI, EVI, NDMI, MSI, RGR, BSI and NDWI) are also tested for obtaining the spatio-temporal dynamics of LFMC at the forestscale. The results show the importance of assessing LFMC along the entire hydrological year due to its variation with phenology: minimum values are obtained at the beginning of spring (81.3%, 64mm of soil water content in the profile and 0.2Kpa of VPD) vs. 90.1% during the driest environmental (summer) conditions (18mm of soil water content and 1.9Kpa of VPD). Combining physiological and environmental predictors provides good estimations of LFMC (R 2 >0.70-0.84 in several cases). In addition, RGR, BSI and NDWI indexes are found to be promising predictors of LFMC (R2= 0.7). Efforts such as the one presented here to link a detailed SPA characterization with fire prevention are innovative and emerging, but also necessary when realistic estimations of LFMC dynamics are required. Particularly, our results will serve to improve the forest management of Mediterranean forests, allowing for the precise prediction and identification of forest wildfire behavior and risk thresholds (from surface fire to crown fire), but also the design of optimum irrigation schemes to decrease the risk of crown fires as those with the highest negative impacts. Keywords: live fuel moisture content; ecohydrology; fire weather index; wildland-urban interface; sapflow ID: 3623757
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    Reducing risks from forest fire and disasters through a community-based forest fire brigade (MPA), a case study in Danau Sentarum National Park
    XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
    2022
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    The TNBKDS is an exotic ecosystem and has designated as one of the world biospheres reserves. The Park is also inhabited by around 6,000 people. Ecotourism, biodiversity, and cultural value attracts many domestic and international tourists. However, the park has high-risk from forest fire and flooding. During 2014-2019, forest fire in the park is recorded at the average of 206.6 Ha. The lake has also experienced in regular flooding. Reducing these risks should involve community by strengthening their capacity to protect their home. Consultations and SWOT analysis was used to map community capacity and to rank the threat. Opportunities on livelihood improvement is also identified to develop approach and strategy in reducing risks and improving their income. A GIS tool was used to monitor forest fire. A total of 10 MPA were established in 10 villages, involving 300 peoples (300 households). From series of consultations, 100% agreed that community need to involve in combating forest fire and reducing the damage from flooding. FIP-1 provides forest fire equipment, as well as series of training on forest fire, forest monitoring using GPS, alternative income activities such as bee keeping, fish processing, and women empowerment. Establishment of MPA and implementation of forest patrol for the period of 2018-Jun 2021 has directly protected a forest area from forest fire of 11,265 ha and non-forest area of 82,481 ha. Community participation is the key success of reducing risks from forest fire. Training program is also essential to support community capacity in reducing hotspots and to provide alternative income for their sustainable live within the national park. Keywords: forest fire, community, West Kalimantan, climate change ID: 3488239

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