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Strengthening resilience to food and nutrition insecurity in the Sahel and West Africa

Good Practices Booklet










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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Consolider la résilience à l'insécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle au Sahel et en Afrique de l'Ouest
    Recueil de bonnes pratiques
    2016
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    Au Sahel, environ 65 pour cent de la population active travaillent dans le secteur agricole et leurs conditions de vie sont ainsi tributaires des aléas climatiques, des marchés et des facteurs environnementaux. Plus de la moitié sont des femmes. Les crises récurrentes constituent de réelles préoccupations pour l’atteinte d’une sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle durable dans la région. Les causes profondes de la vulnérabilité à l’insécurité alimentaire et à la malnutrition sont complexes et m ultidimensionnelles. Elles sont liées à un ensemble de facteurs imbriqués, tels que la pauvreté, la santé, l’hygiène, l’accès aux services sociaux de base, les comportements alimentaires, les normes socioculturelles, la faiblesse de la production, l’accès aux marchés, l’inadéquation de certaines politiques publiques, ainsi que les aléas climatiques et autres chocs récurrents qui font qu’un nombre élevé de personnes se trouvent dans un état de fragilité quasi-permanent. Pour faire face à ces cris es récurrentes, des outils d’analyse de la situation et d’identification des populations vulnérables ont été mis en place dans la région et améliorés au fil des années (au premier rang desquels le Cadre Harmonisé). En outre, des pratiques innovantes ont été développées, en matière de réduction des risques, d’adaptation aux changements climatiques, de lutte contre la malnutrition, ainsi que de protection sociale (notamment avec les approches de filets sociaux et de transferts monétaires). La Foir e aux savoirs organisée par le CILSS, l’IGAD, la FAO et leurs partenaires en 2013 à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso, a donné, entre autres, l’opportunité aux acteurs nationaux et internationaux d’échanger autour de ces bonnes pratiques. Ce recueil rassemble onze bonnes pratiques développées durant la Foire aux savoirs pour faciliter leur diffusion et leur réplication au niveau régional et international.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    Pastoralism in Africa’s drylands
    Reducing risks, addressing vulnerability and enhancing resilience
    2018
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    Pastoral livestock production is crucial to the livelihoods and the economy of Africa’s semiarid regions. It developed 7,000 years ago in response to long-tern climate change. It spread throughout Northern Africa as an adaptation to the rapidly changing and increasingly unpredictable arid climate. It is practiced in an area representing 43% of Africa’s land mass in the different regions of Africa, and in some regions it represents the dominant livelihoods system. It covers 36 countries, stretching from the Sahelian West to the rangelands of Eastern Africa and the Horn and the nomadic populations of Southern Africa, with an estimate of 268 million pastoralists. The mobility of pastoralists exploiting the animal feed resources along different ecological zones represents a flexible response to a dry and increasingly variable environment. It allows pastoral herds to use the drier areas during the wet season and more humid areas during the dry season. It ensures pastoral livestock to access sufficient high-quality grazing and create economic value. The objectives of this report are to investigate the current situation of pastoralism and the vulnerability context in which pastoralism currently functions and to outline the policy, resilience programming, and research areas of intervention to enhance the resilience of pastoral livelihoods systems. Scholarly views of pastoralism’s ecological impact have grown more positive since the early 1990s, when a new understanding of dryland dynamics led to the so-called new rangeland paradigm. The new rangeland paradigm represents a shift in the wider discourse on pastoralism from the earlier debates based on the “tragedy of the commons.” The new rangeland paradigm has provided a more comprehensive understanding of the drylands and shown that mobility is an appropriate strategy to exploit the natural resource base in these areas. In recent decades, the adaptability and mobility of pastoralism in relation to resource variability have been undermined by factors that are embedded in the institutional environment and policy that shape the vulnerability context of pastoralism. The report analyzes five factors that undermine the pastoral livelihoods resilience and the implications of these factors for the viability of pastoralism. On the basis of the analysis of vulnerability contexts that shape pastoralism, the report identifies interventions for increasing pastoral resilience.
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    Book (series)
    Welfare impacts of climate shocks: evidence from Tanzania 2016
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    Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains the world’s most food-insecure region characterized by high levels of child mortality and poverty and low levels of human and physical capital (FAO, 2009). Countries in SSA, including Tanzania, heavily depend on a smallholder-based agricultural sector, which makes their welfare and food security particularly vulnerable to climate change (Barrios et al., 2008). The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of weather risk on rural hou seholds’ welfare in Tanzania using nationally representative household panel data together with a set of novel weather variation indicators based on interpolated gridded and re-analysis weather data that capture the peculiar features of short term and long term variations in rainfall and temperature. In particular, we estimate the impact of weather shocks on a rich set of welfare indicators (including total income, total expenditure, food expenditure and its share in total expenditure and calori e intake) and investigate whether and how they vary by different definitions of shocks - capturing changes in levels and variations over different time periods. We find that both rainfall and maximum temperature variability exert a negative impact on welfare (i.e. no consumption smoothing) and that households that have adopted SLM practices are able to achieve income-smoothing. We also find that the most vulnerable rural households are much more affected by a rainfall deficit compared to the hou seholds in the top income quantile. Results underline the key role extension services play in enhancing adaptive capacity to reduce vulnerability to adverse weather conditions, as well as the importance of targeting the most vulnerable households in policy interventions to improve food security in the face of weather shocks.

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