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The safe use of treated wastewater in drylands - Combating desertification through the use of unconventional water resources











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    The Grain Chain
    Food Security and Managing Wheat Imports in Arab Countries
    2012
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    Arab countries face a number of food security risks due to their high dependence on wheat imports. This study explores ways in which countries can mitigate these risks. The authors evaluate the wheatimport supply chain (WISC) from the unloading port to bulk storage at the flour mill, before the wheat is milled into flour. Existing literature treats isolated topics related to the supply chain, such as strategic storage and the use of financial instruments. This study is unique in that it takes a holistic view of the supply chain by examining how strategic storage, logistics improvements, and procurement strategies can all be used to improve food security.
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    Improving Mediterranean woodland areas governance through participative approaches implementation. Regional Synthesis
    Technical Report
    2016
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    This report takes place within the framework of the regional project “Maximize the production of goods and services of Mediterranean forest ecosystems in the context of global changes” (2012-2016) financed by the French Global Environment Facility together with the German Cooperation (GIZ), the French Ministry of Agriculture, Agrifood, and Forestry, and the European Union in 5 countries in North Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) and the Near East (Lebanon, Turkey). This publication aims to pres ent a regional synthesis of the results of the component 3 of the project focused on the improvement of governance through participative and territorial approaches implementation. The five participating partner countries have designed and tested participatory approaches and innovative governance structures for the sustainable management and socio-economic development of their wooded areas in selected pilot sites, namely Chrea National Park (Algeria), Bentael Nature Reserve (Lebanon), the Maâmora Forest (Morocco), the Barbara Watershed (Tunisia) and the Düzlerçamı Forest (Turkey). With a view to capitalizing and valuing the results and lessons learned, this report analyzes and summarizes the convergences and divergences of the various approaches in terms of their methodologies, activities implemented and results. It highlights the potential for replication of these approaches to other sites within the country or to other countries in the Mediterranean region.
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    Technical book
    Mediterranean forests: Towards a better recognition of the economic and social value of goods and services through participative governance 2016
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    This report takes place within the framework of the regional project “Maximize the production of goods and services of Mediterranean forest ecosystems in the context of global changes” (2012-2016) financed by the French Global Environment Facility together with the German Cooperation (GIZ), the French Ministry of Agriculture, Agrifood and Forestry, and the European Union, in 5 North African (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) and the Middle East countries (Lebanon, Turkey). This synthesis report prov ides a quick overview of the main results of components 2 (Assessment of the socio-economic value of goods and services provided by Mediterranean forest ecosystems) and component 3 (Improving Mediterranean woodland areas governance through participatory implementation and management approaches). This document also presents the lessons learned as well as the main recommendations issued in five Mediterranean countries.

    It is vital, indeed through economic assessment, to increase the visibi lity of the contribution of the goods and services produced by Mediterranean woodland areas for populations who are economically and socially dependent on these areas, but also for society as a whole. However, this can only be achieved through active involvement of these populations by managing these areas through participatory processes.

    In the context of rapid global change, it is crucial to work on these two closely linked themes in order to provide the tools needed to make necessary changes in public policies, which now, more than ever, are facing many challenges.

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    Flagship
    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
    Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
    2021
    In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.
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    Booklet
    Corporate general interest
    Emissions due to agriculture
    Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
    2021
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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical book
    Russian Federation: Meat sector review
    Country highlights prepared under the FAO/EBRD Cooperation
    2014
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    World food demand has seen massive changes, including a shift from staple foods to animal proteins and vegetable oils. In the short to medium term, this trend in global food demand will continue. There will be an increased demand for vegetable oils, meat, sugar, dairy products and livestock feed made from coarse grains and oilseed meals. There are numerous mid-term forecasts for the Russian Federation’s meat sector. Most of them agree on the following trends: (i) the consumption of poultry and p ork meat will increase; (ii) the consumption of beef will decrease or stabilize; and (iii) the Russian Federation will remain a net importer of meat on the world market. According to OECD and FAO projections, meat imports from the Russian Federation will decrease from 3 to 1.3 million tonnes, owing to an anticipated growth in domestic chicken meat and pork production. The country’s share in global meat imports is anticipated to decrease from 12 percent in 2006–2010, to 4 percent in 2021. While t he Russian Federation will continue to play an important role in the international meat market, it will fall from its position as the largest meat importing country in 2006–2010 to the fourth largest global meat importer by 2021, behind Japan, sub-Saharan African countries, and Saudi Arabia.