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Water scarcity. Land and Water Days 2019 - Near East and North Africa

Background Paper: Executive Summary










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    Book (stand-alone)
    Guidelines for brackish water use for agricultural production in the Near East and North Africa region 2023
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    Water scarcity is one of the major challenges in the 19 countries of the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region. The lack of water is affecting important irrigated areas, limiting the increase of food production needed to address the growing demand due to population growth. In most countries of the NENA region, the need to use non-conventional water resources, including brackish water, is well recognized. Brackish water is loosely defined as water that is more saline than freshwater, but less saline than seawater. It covers a large range of salinity levels, from 500 to 30 000 mg/l of total dissolved solids (TDS). Despite the presence of large amounts of brackish water and its potential for use in growing a number of crops, it is only used in limited amounts for irrigation. The successful use of brackish water for irrigation requires a basic understanding of scientific principles affecting the interactions among the climate, the applied water, the soil, the crop, and the environment. Equally important is the application of suitable technology and management practices that will facilitate the optional use of this poor-quality water. The successful use of brackish water requires a higher level of management and likely the adoption of new irrigation management practices. Because climate, water quality, soil type, and crop tolerance to salinity vary from location to location, guidelines, with some degree of site-specific flexibility, must be developed.
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    Project
    Enhancing Land and Water Productivity in Africa and the Near East through Remote Sensing Technology - GCP/INT/229/NET 2021
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    All countries in North Africa and the Near East suffer from severe water scarcity. In this region, irrigated agriculture accounts for a large proportion of the water demand and is often the first sector affected by water shortages and scarcity. Notably, when water is in short supply, there are additional challenges for sustaining per capita food production and meeting domestic, industrial and environmental water needs. Further complicating matters, the total area suffering from severe water scarcity is expected to increase as a result of changing climatic conditions. Increasing water scarcity and competition for water resources also pose major threats to food security and poverty alleviation. If the effects of climate change are not managed effectively, more frequent and extensive periods of drought are expected, creating additional challenges for maintaining the balance between water demand and sustainable development. Despite the agriculture sector being a primary consumer of water, irrigation services and scheme performances have not been fully optimized in the region and best management practices and technologies have not been widely deployed. As such, this project was designed to support countries in monitoring land and water productivity, identifying productivity gaps and developing suitable solutions.
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    Book (series)
    Evaluation of the project "Implementing the 2030 Agenda for Water Efficiency/Productivity & Water Sustainability in the Near East and North Africa
    Project code: GCP/RNE/009/SWE
    2024
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    The solution to water scarcity in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region has been illuminated through the "2030 Agenda for Water Efficiency/Productivity & Water Sustainability (WEPS)" project. This initiative has brought significant breakthroughs in eight target countries, namely Algeria, Egypt, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia, and Palestine. The accomplishments include the adaptation of water accounting standards in line with global and scientific criteria, the endorsement of the water–energy–food nexus approach, and the development of top-tier knowledge products that have fostered knowledge sharing across these nations. However, challenges like the pandemic aftermath, initial implementation hiccups, and gender inclusion hurdles have arisen. Moving forward, the emphasis is on continued advocacy and collaboration, bolstered commitment to the water–energy–food nexus, expansive knowledge outreach, and enhanced regional partnerships, with an aim to integrate the insights gained into future regional plans.

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