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Foodborne antimicrobial resistance

Compendium of Codex standards















FAO and WHO. 2023. Foodborne antimicrobial resistance – Compendium of Codex standards. First revision. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome.





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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
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    Action to support the implementation of Codex AMR texts (ACT) project - ACT in the Plurinational State of Bolivia: Building Governance to Contain Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance
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    2024
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    This is the second instalment in a 6-part series that highlights the successes of the FAO-implemented and Republic of Korea-funded Action to support implementation of Codex AMR Texts (ACT) project. This success story focuses on the establishment by the Government of the Plurinational State of Bolivia of a multisectoral committee that will assess the country's needs in combatting the threat of foodborne AMR.
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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
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    Action to support the implementation of Codex AMR texts (ACT) project - Veterinary drug residues and AMR: Hidden connections and a tool to find them
    Success story
    2025
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    Built around a concise, modular questionnaire, the FAO Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods (RVDF) Tool assesses countries’ capacity to analyse and monitor residues of veterinary drugs, including antimicrobials, in foods. The Tool encourages respondents to consider strengthening their capacity to collect residue data relevant to antimicrobial resistence (AMR) management in addition to the core assessment on the basic compliance monitoring capacities for residues. Often, the situation is more positive than countries think. Inspired by the structure of FAO’s Assessment Tool for Laboratories and AMR Surveillance Systems (FAO-ATLASS) tool for AMR surveillance, the RVDF Tool includes separate modules that can beused independently to evaluate national, university or private laboratories. This modular design allows countries to identify specific capacity gaps — even in the absence of a centralized monitoring infrastructure. The Tool is also been useful to donor countries.The success of the RVDF Tool lies in its alignment with the One Health approach. Addressing veterinary drug residues and AMR effectively requires coordinated action across food safety, animal health, environmental protection, and public health. The RVDF Tool encourages this multisectoral collaboration by supporting stakeholder mapping and engagement, helping countries develop integrated, sustainable solutions.
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    Meeting
    Meeting document
    Antimicrobial use in aquaculture and antimicrobial resistance. Report of a Joint FAO/OIE/WHO Expert Consultation on Antimicrobial Use in Aquaculture and Antimicrobial Resistance
    Seoul, Republic of Korea, 13-16 June 2006
    2006
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    The public health hazards related to antimicrobial use in aquaculture include the development and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and resistance genes, and the occurrence of antimicrobial residues in products of aquaculture. The greatest potential risk to public health associated with antimicrobial use in aquaculture is thought to be the development of a reservoir of transferable resistance genes in bacteria in aquatic environments from which such genes can be disseminated by horizont al gene transfer to other bacteria and ultimately reach human pathogens. However, a quantitative risk assessment on antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture is difficult to perform owing to lack of data and the many different and complex pathways of gene flow.

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