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Book (series)Technical study亚洲及太平洋区域两种对虾属品种的引种和移植 2005在亚洲及太平洋区域，南美白对虾（Penaeus vannamei）和细角对虾（P. stylirostris）均属于引进种。它们目前已经成为亚洲许多国家重要的商业性虾类品种。将南美白对虾引进亚洲背后的重要原因是发现主要当地品种，即中国养殖的中国对虾（P. chinensis）和基本上其它所有地区养殖的斑节对虾（P. monodon）生产情况不佳、生长率低下和对疾病的易感性。然而，鉴于诸多原因，特别是有外来病毒进入该区域的迹象，亚洲很多国家政府对于引进南美白对虾和细角对虾采取了谨慎的态度。但是，这种谨慎态度在私营部门尚未得到体现，它们仍继续从许多地区向亚洲非法引进往往携带疾病的南美白对虾种群，而且还在该区域内移殖受感染的种群。尽管存在疾病问题，但上述引种活动取得了商业上的成功，大大促进了亚洲区域和特别是中国及泰国的这一外来对虾属品种养殖业的发展。所产生的影响之一是，这种快速发展形势使对这一新兴行业的品种输入和发展活动的监控很难实施。本报告试图收集目前所能得到的有关南美白对虾和细角对虾在亚洲的输入和养殖范围、其潜在问题和益处方面的全部数据，为进一步探索旨在重新建立这方面监控机制的方法提供资料来源。以对这些品种的输入、检验和养殖进行监控为目的所提出的建议涉及各个层面并被列入本报告。
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Book (stand-alone)Handbook
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DocumentHandbookAssessment of the right to food
Right to Food Handbooks 7
2014Also available in:
Right to Food Handbooks 7. This handbook provides practical information and tools for conducting a right to food assessment as a first step in a strategy to ensure this right and to take the appropriate measures accordingly with the obligation of progressive realization of this right. The content of this handbook is based on the FAO's “Guide to Conducting a Right to Food Assessment”. An assessment of the right to food should include an analysis of the causes of food and nutritional insecurity and should answer the following questions: who suffers food insecurity and vulnerability? Where are they located? What are the causes for their food insecurity or vulnerability? The assessment should also consider the legal, political, and institutional frameworks, civil society participation and budget analysis.