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家庭农民:供养世界,关爱地球










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    Book (stand-alone)
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    2015 年粮食及农业状况 简介 (SOFA)
    社会保护与农业:打破农村贫困恶性循环
    2015
    “千年发展目标”中有关减轻贫困的目标已在多个国家实现,但仍有很多国家进展滞后,而2015年后面临的挑战将是彻底消除贫困和饥饿。很多发展中国家正日益认识到,要采取社会保护措施,及时帮助贫困人口摆脱贫困,同时防止其他人在危机来袭时陷入贫困。社会保护还能通过帮助受益人管理风险、创建资产和从事高收益活动,提高受益人的生产能力。这不仅惠及直接受益人,还能通过受益人购买食物、农业投入物和其他农村商品及服务,将惠益扩大至受益人所在社区乃至整个经济。然而,社会保护只有在包容性经济增长的前提下才能成为脱贫的可持续途径。在多数低收入和中等收入国家,农业仍是贫困人口的主要就业领域,是人们的主要生计来源,人们通过它赚取劳动报酬,并通过自有农业生产,供家庭食用并向市场出售。贫困及其相关后果,如营养不良、疾病和教育缺失等,都会阻碍农业生产率。因此,将社会保护和农业发展相互结合有助于形成合力,对二者都能起到扩大成效的作用。
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    The SWSR is a reference document on the status of global soil resources that provides regional assessments of soil change. The information is based on peer-reviewed scientific literature, complemented with expert knowledge and project outputs. It provides a description and a ranking of ten major soil threats that endanger ecosystem functions, goods and services globally and in each region separately. Additionally, it describes direct and indirect pressures on soils and ways and means to combat s oil degradation. The report contains a Synthesis report for policy makers that summarizes its findings, conclusions and recommendations.

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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.