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Recommendations from the First Regional Policy Dialogue on Social Protection for Rural Populations in Africa











FAO. 2025. Recommendations from the First Regional Policy Dialogue on Social Protection for Rural Populations in Africa. Rome.



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    Despite sustained economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa, rural poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition remain pervasive. The region continues to record the world’s highest prevalence of undernourishment. Recent global shocks—including climate-related disasters, the COVID-19 pandemic, and ongoing conflicts—have further hindered progress toward achieving SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 2 (Zero Hunger). These challenges are most acute in rural areas, where livelihoods, incomes, and food security are closely tied to agrifood systems.Accelerating progress requires comprehensive and inclusive social protection systems embedded within integrated rural development and agrifood system transformation strategies. Such approaches are essential to promote the economic inclusion of poor and vulnerable rural populations, safeguard their food and nutrition security, and strengthen resilience and adaptation to climate-related shocks.FAO and the Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) convened a Regional Policy Dialogue on strengthening social protection systems for rural populations. The Dialogue reviewed the current state of social protection in Africa’s rural areas, identified emerging issues and trends, examined gaps in coverage and financing, and proposed strategic actions to support African countries in advancing the SDGs and the Africa Agenda 2063. It also generated key insights to inform FAO’s development of a Regional Social Protection Framework for Africa.
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    Social protection is a powerful tool for delivering inclusive climate action, particularly in rural areas of low-income countries. This briefing paper presents the findings of a review of social protection for rural populations within the Green Climate Fund (GCF) portfolio. This analysis of 23 GCF-funded projects outlines both promising approaches and key challenges.Building on these insights, the GCF should scale up the use of social protection, enhancing gender and inclusion efforts, strengthening long-term system building and cross-sectoral coordination, and fostering global partnerships for financing and knowledge-sharing. Through these efforts, the GCF can play a pivotal role in ensuring climate finance reaches the most vulnerable, driving sustainable, inclusive, and just climate action
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    Despite the importance of social protection, today more than 70 percent of the world’s population still has no or limited access to comprehensive social protection. Coverage in rural areas, where about 80 percent of the world’s poor live, is even lower. Achieving an effective extension of the coverage of social protection benefits and services to the rural population is a key challenge which must be addressed in order to achieve SDG 1.3. “Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable”. This will require bridging gaps and removing existing barriers that limit the access of rural populations to social protection. Extending social protection for all is core to the work of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO). The present paper lays out the specific profiles, risks and vulnerabilities of rural populations and explores options to extend social protection coverage to them.

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