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ArticleGenetic test collections of poplars in the south-eastern part of European Russia for biodiversity preservation
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The relevance of research on biodiversity conservation corresponds to the trends of ideas of the last century, summarized in the Rio Convention (1992) and subsequent international acts. The greatest problem is the preservation of intraspecific diversity. According to the chromosomal inheritance theory of Sutton and Boveri, the number of possible phenotypes of two parents is expressed as 2n,and genotypes as 3n, where n is the haploid number of chromosomes in the parents. In particular, for poplars this is ≈ 500 thousand different descendants, and the number of genotypes can be ≈ 4.6 billion. Taking into account the decoding of genome data, these values can be increased many times. In forest tree breeding researchers try to identify the most useful organisms or their aggregates from the existing varieties. Since its Foundation in 1971 the All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology has been working to create an ex situ field collection fund of practically valuable clones, hybrids and varieties of poplars. The collections were created over the next 50 years, taking into account the recommendations of the field experience methodology. In different regions of the country the collections of hundreds clones and new hybrids in 5 locations; the variety testing sites in 15 locations; and root cutting plantations in 19 locations were created. Totally, 54.04 ha of poplar experimental objects were created in the South-Eastern part of the European territory of Russia. As a result of many years research, new varieties of poplars have been developed for plantation, protective and reclamation afforestation, as well as for landscaping in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of European Russia. Keywords: Biodiversity conservation, Genetic resources, Research, Poplar breeding, Poplar varieties. ID: 3488495 -
ArticleForest plantations for wood growing in the European north of Russia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The Russian Federation has accumulated quite a lot of experience in plantation forestry. An urgent issue of returning unused agricultural land to economic circulation can be solved by creating plantation crops on these lands, which contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals on rational forest management, restoration, afforestation and reforestation (SDGs 2, 12, 15 and GFGs 1 and 2). Research on the creation of targeted forest plantations in the European North of Russia was carried out within the framework of a state assignment. Well-grounded conclusions on the choice of species for targeted plantation cultivation were made. Preference should be given to aboriginal species (Scots pine, European spruce). However, one of the promising fast-growing species suitable for the pulp and paper industry in temperate countries is Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Loud. var. latifolia S. Wats.), naturally growing in North America. Based on long-term research, the most suitable origins of Lodgepole pine were selected – located in regions of the most northern Canadian origin (Yukon), where it grows at the northern limit of the distribution of forest species. The advantage of Lodgepole pine over local coniferous species was revealed while growing on industrial forest plantations, where, by the age of 40-50 years, it forms 250-300 m3/ha of low-resinous wood, suitable for both sulfate and sulfite pulping and is 70% more productive than local spruce and pine. In the research process, the basic requirements for plantation crops in the European North of Russia were developed, under which plantations justify their purpose. One of the main innovative areas of research is the development of technology for creating forest plantations on lands that have come out of agricultural use. Keywords: Lodgepole pine, boreal forests, plantation ID: 3479164 -
ArticleForest natural resource management and non-timber forest products as nature-based solutions for climate adaptation, ecosystem restoration and poverty alleviation in Mali– a case study
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Climate change, nature loss and poverty are major intertwined crises that mutually reinforce each other. This is particularly true for smallholder farmers in Africa’s drylands: they are the hardest hit by the climate crisis, which contributes to the degradation of the land upon which their livelihoods depend. Further pushed into poverty, rural people are forced to resort to unsustainable land practices for survival, feeding the cycle of environmental degradation and climate change. Intertwined crises need integrated approaches, such as nature-based solutions (NbS) that protect natural ecosystems and address societal challenges. Tree Aid works in Africa’s drylands to unlock the potential of trees to tackle poverty and improve the environment. Here, we present a quantitative NbS case study looking at the impacts of the adoption of forest natural resource management (NRM) and increased production of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) among smallholder farmers in the Segou region in Mali between July 2017 and July 2020. This project was a partnership between Tree Aid, the UK funded Darwin Initiative and local partner Sahel Eco.Its socioeconomic impact was evaluated with focus group discussions, baseline and endline assessments using the Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) (https://www.rhomis.org/). Ecosystem restoration impacts were assessed by ecological surveys and data from permanent monitoring plots.We demonstrate that NRM and NTFPs delivered positive outcomes for people (reduction of project population living below the poverty line), biodiversity (+20,404ha of land under improved management), and climate (improved climate resilience through better access to natural resources). This evidences the viability of high-quality NbS in Africa’s drylands and calls for greater long-term restoration investment and deployment in the region informed by and delivered through local communities and organisations. Keywords: NbS, NTFPs, NRM, Mali, forest governance ID: 3622597
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