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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetInvestigating potential recombination of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 or other coronaviruses in camels
Supplementary recommendations for the epidemiological investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in exposed animals
2021Also available in:
No results found.Dromedary camels are the main reservoir for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Genetic analysis of MERS-CoV isolates from humans and dromedaries revealed that direction of transmission is from camels to humans. Furthermore, several studies reported evidence of camel infection by other human CoVs, animal CoVs or unknown coronaviruses. There is evidence of recombination between different betacoronaviruses in camels. Analysis of the Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) binding in dromedaries predicted potential binding affinity to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor binding domain (RBD), however some other studies predicted the contrary. With the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, it is not a matter of if but rather when camels will be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in these countries. Co-circulation of both viruses in the same host can favour virus recombination, and may lead to increased virulence in animals and/or humans if the recombinant virus incorporates pathogenicity of MERS-CoV with the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2. Further investigations into camel susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, the possibility for recombination between MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 or other coronaviruses in camels, and the associated zoonotic potential are therefore urgently required to ensure early-detection of such events. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetFood safety guidelines: Keeping workers safe along the food supply chain in acutely food insecure contexts
Webinar – 30 June 2021: Summary points, questions and answers
2021Also available in:
No results found.Keeping food and food workers safe is even more complex during a global pandemic crisis and all stakeholders must contribute to maintaining 360 degree oversight of every aspect of the food supply chain. Workers in the food supply chain play an indispensable role in sustaining the movement of food along the supply chain. Therefore, keeping workers, production facilities, transport infrastructure and all other areas in the supply chain safe, is critical for mitigating the impacts of this unprecedented COVID-19 crisis. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in a longstanding partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), is involved in a range of initiatives to support global food safety and protect the health of both consumers and workers. As part of the comprehensive COVID-19 response and recovery programme, FAO and its partners are working to prevent the pandemic from disrupting food systems. While COVID-19 is not transmitted by food products, disruptions precipitated by the primary and secondary effects of the pandemic have put food supplies at risk all over the world, while simultaneously raising awareness on food safety-related issues. Concerted efforts on the food supply chain and more specifically the health and safety of workers, will help the most food insecure countries mitigate the socio-economic impacts of the pandemic and boost resilience for the long term by facilitating food and agricultural trade, preventing the spreading of any future zoonotic pandemic and helping the transition of the food systems towards sustainability. FAO, in the publication "Food safety in the time of COVID-19", provides sound principles of environmental sanitation, personal hygiene and established food safety practices to reduce the likelihood that harmful pathogens will threaten the safety of the food supply. Additionally, component IV of FAO’s COVID-19 Global Humanitarian Response Plan is supporting awareness raising and sensitization campaigns among food workers at all levels. Against this background, the webinar aimed at bringing together an array of diverse partners and experts to discuss issues surrounding occupational health and safety risks along the food supply chain. The discussion focused on food safety guidelines as well as the experiences and learnings from different contexts among the most acutely food insecure countries. -
Book (series)Human Exposure to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from Livestock or Wildlife Species 2017
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No results found.Recurrent outbreaks of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in humans have been reported, mainly from the Arabian Peninsula, since 2012, with a notable outbreak in Republic of Korea from May through July 2015. To evaluate the role of domestic and wild animals, in particular dromedary camels and bats, and assess the likelihood of human exposure to MERS-CoV (i) through direct contact with these animals, (ii) while handling and consuming their products (milk, meat, urine) and (iii) from the environment at the animal-human interface (e.g. farms, households, slaughterhouses, markets, etc.), FAO prepared this qualitative release assessment. This assessment is based on information available as of 19 May 2017 and will be revised as circumstances change. It focuses on livestock-related aspects and is therefore restricted to an exposure assessment at the animal-human interface (i.e. a description of biological pathways necessary for exposure of humans to MERS-CoV released from animals and the estimation of its probability). For further aspects of the human infection and detailed consequence assessments, please refer to risk assessments by the World Health Organization (WHO).
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