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No Thumbnail AvailableBook (stand-alone)Guide pratique des couts et de commercialisation et de leur mode de calcul 1994Ce Guide a pour objet de présenter les notions fondamentales sur lesquelles reposent les coûts de commercialisation des produits agricoles et les marges commerciales qui y sont liées. Il identifie les principaux types de coûts de commercialisation, indique brièvement comment les calculer et montre comment il faut interpréter les marges commerciales.
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No Thumbnail AvailableProjectAquaculture development and coordination programme. Fish feed technology. Lectures presented at the FAO/UNDP Training Course in Fish Feed Technology, Seattle, Washington, 9 October - 15 December 1978 1980
Also available in:
No results found.The need for developing suitable feeds based on locally available inexpensive ingredients has been widely recognized. Since lack of trained personnel is the main constraint in the development of fish feed technology in developing countries, the FAO/UNDP Aquaculture Development and Coordination Programme (ADCP) organized a special training course in fish feed technology at the College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, with a view to forming a small corps of fish feed specialists wh o could then be the focal points for future feed development programmes in their respective countries. The first report of the training course was presented in the report ADCP /REP/79/8. This present volume represents the edited texts of lectures presented by different specialists. Some additional material has been included for more complete coverage of the subject. Together, these texts may be considered to constitute a manual on fish feed technology, even though they were not prepared for that purpose. Twenty-six papers are included, under the general headings: (1) Digestion, physiology and anatomy; (2) nutritional bioenergetics; (3) nutritional biochemistry; (4) feedstuffs; (5) feed formulation; (6) feed manufacturing technology; (7) practical diets; and (8) quality control. Appendices include conversion tables, electrical data, and details on pelletability of selective feedstuffs, pellet die specifications, and equipment requirements for an 8 ton an hour feed mill. -
No Thumbnail AvailableBook (stand-alone)Packaging, storage and distribution of processed milk, 1978
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No results found.FAO has been approached on several occasions by national dairy organizations for advice on systems of processing, packaging and distributing liquid milk likely to be the most suitable for the conditions in the country concerned. In such cases the authorities normally have a primary objective of making a supply of milk available to all sections of the community particularly in urban areas. A fundamental requirement for a public liquid milk supply is that it. will be safe, that is. it will not b e a medium for the transmission of organisms responsible for human disease. For this some form of heat treatment is essential. Pasteurization meets this requirement and indeed should be regarded as a basic process whatever the final product. Several well-established systems for packaging and, distributing pasteurized milk are in widespread use and are analysed in the following Chapters. Where the marketing requirements are such that an extended shelf life is necessary, for example, because the c onsumer is located far away or greater flexibility in marketing arrangements in essential. the alternative processes of in-bottle sterilization or ultra-high-temperature treatment (UHT) are in use. These processes involve special methods of packaging and in analysing the costs of these the coat of the appropriate heat treatment has also been included. Little Information on relative costs of different packaging and distribution systems for liquid milk is available, making the task of selection difficult. This publication attempts to simplify the problem by providing relevant data and methods of evaluation which could be of help In planning appropriate marketing strategies. Wealthy consumers are usually willing to pay more in return for better services - longer shelf life, more hygienic and convenient packaging - even though the basic nutritional value of the product does not change with price. A consumer with low income cannot afford luxuries and must give preference to low-cost produ cts. This may mean that he is denied a supply of safe milk unless provision Is made to meet his special needs. It may be that in come markets the milk plant should cater for different types of demand: In others only one system, probably the cheapest, could be justified. A preliminary market survey should provide the necessary indications. It should be clearly seen that local milk production cannot develop unless prices to producers are remunerative. A policy of attractive producer prices in co untries where the majority of the population is rural benefits more people than a policy of low consumer prices in urban areas. Milk is an expensive commodity and consumption of milk sold commercially at prices reflecting the true costs of production. processing and distribution in urban areas Is limited in most developing countries to consumers -
No Thumbnail AvailableBook (stand-alone)Guide pratique des couts et de commercialisation et de leur mode de calcul 1994Ce Guide a pour objet de présenter les notions fondamentales sur lesquelles reposent les coûts de commercialisation des produits agricoles et les marges commerciales qui y sont liées. Il identifie les principaux types de coûts de commercialisation, indique brièvement comment les calculer et montre comment il faut interpréter les marges commerciales.
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No Thumbnail AvailableProjectAquaculture development and coordination programme. Fish feed technology. Lectures presented at the FAO/UNDP Training Course in Fish Feed Technology, Seattle, Washington, 9 October - 15 December 1978 1980
Also available in:
No results found.The need for developing suitable feeds based on locally available inexpensive ingredients has been widely recognized. Since lack of trained personnel is the main constraint in the development of fish feed technology in developing countries, the FAO/UNDP Aquaculture Development and Coordination Programme (ADCP) organized a special training course in fish feed technology at the College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, with a view to forming a small corps of fish feed specialists wh o could then be the focal points for future feed development programmes in their respective countries. The first report of the training course was presented in the report ADCP /REP/79/8. This present volume represents the edited texts of lectures presented by different specialists. Some additional material has been included for more complete coverage of the subject. Together, these texts may be considered to constitute a manual on fish feed technology, even though they were not prepared for that purpose. Twenty-six papers are included, under the general headings: (1) Digestion, physiology and anatomy; (2) nutritional bioenergetics; (3) nutritional biochemistry; (4) feedstuffs; (5) feed formulation; (6) feed manufacturing technology; (7) practical diets; and (8) quality control. Appendices include conversion tables, electrical data, and details on pelletability of selective feedstuffs, pellet die specifications, and equipment requirements for an 8 ton an hour feed mill. -
No Thumbnail AvailableBook (stand-alone)Packaging, storage and distribution of processed milk, 1978
Also available in:
No results found.FAO has been approached on several occasions by national dairy organizations for advice on systems of processing, packaging and distributing liquid milk likely to be the most suitable for the conditions in the country concerned. In such cases the authorities normally have a primary objective of making a supply of milk available to all sections of the community particularly in urban areas. A fundamental requirement for a public liquid milk supply is that it. will be safe, that is. it will not b e a medium for the transmission of organisms responsible for human disease. For this some form of heat treatment is essential. Pasteurization meets this requirement and indeed should be regarded as a basic process whatever the final product. Several well-established systems for packaging and, distributing pasteurized milk are in widespread use and are analysed in the following Chapters. Where the marketing requirements are such that an extended shelf life is necessary, for example, because the c onsumer is located far away or greater flexibility in marketing arrangements in essential. the alternative processes of in-bottle sterilization or ultra-high-temperature treatment (UHT) are in use. These processes involve special methods of packaging and in analysing the costs of these the coat of the appropriate heat treatment has also been included. Little Information on relative costs of different packaging and distribution systems for liquid milk is available, making the task of selection difficult. This publication attempts to simplify the problem by providing relevant data and methods of evaluation which could be of help In planning appropriate marketing strategies. Wealthy consumers are usually willing to pay more in return for better services - longer shelf life, more hygienic and convenient packaging - even though the basic nutritional value of the product does not change with price. A consumer with low income cannot afford luxuries and must give preference to low-cost produ cts. This may mean that he is denied a supply of safe milk unless provision Is made to meet his special needs. It may be that in come markets the milk plant should cater for different types of demand: In others only one system, probably the cheapest, could be justified. A preliminary market survey should provide the necessary indications. It should be clearly seen that local milk production cannot develop unless prices to producers are remunerative. A policy of attractive producer prices in co untries where the majority of the population is rural benefits more people than a policy of low consumer prices in urban areas. Milk is an expensive commodity and consumption of milk sold commercially at prices reflecting the true costs of production. processing and distribution in urban areas Is limited in most developing countries to consumers
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