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Policy briefPolicy briefTransmission des prix dans les marchés alimentaires 2024La présente note d’orientation analyse si les marchés alimentaires nationaux dans les pays en développement réagissent aux variations des prix internationaux et, si oui, à quelle vitesse. La transmission des prix – c’est-à-dire la mesure dans laquelle les variations des prix alimentaires internationaux entraînent des variations des prix alimentaires locaux – est fondamentale pour évaluer le fonctionnement du marché. Selon la loi du prix unique, la transmission du prix est complète lorsque les prix d’un produit alimentaire vendu sur des marchés concurrentiels étrangers et intérieurs ne diffèrent qu’à raison des coûts du transport. Cette transmission complète du prix est rendue possible par le commerce. L’évolution de l’offre et de la demande dans un pays a des incidences sur les prix, qui vont à leur tour déclencher des échanges commerciaux avec d’autres pays. Étant donné que le commerce rétablit l’équilibre du marché, les prix sur le marché intérieur ont tendance à se niveler sur ceux des marchés étrangers, sauf pour ce qui concerne les coûts de transport, d’où l’expression «loi du prix unique».Les marchés sont d’importants déterminants de l’intégration économique, mais ils peuvent également transmettre des chocs. D’ailleurs, la note d’orientation montre qu’une forte dépendance à l’égard des importations et un régime commercial libéralisé vont de pair avec une transmission des prix plus rapide. En revanche, les pays connaissent une transmission des variations des prix internationaux plus incomplète lorsque les coûts des échanges sont comparativement plus élevés et que les politiques commerciales sont plus restrictives. Enfin, l’analyse fait dans la note d’orientation semble également indiquer que, lorsque les pays dépendent des importations et que les marchés intérieurs sont moins intégrés dans les marchés internationaux, les prix à la consommation sont en général bien plus élevés que les prix mondiaux.
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DocumentOther document
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DocumentOther documentL’approche filière: Analyse aux prix de référence. Outils analytiques 2005
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Ce module fournit une présentation de l’analyse aux prix de référence. Il fait partie d’un ensemble de modules qui décrivent l’approche filière, étape par étape. Il commence par une présentation des principes du calcul par les prix de référence. La section suivante explicite la pratique du calcul, en distinguant deux phases possibles: analyse aux prix de parité et analyse aux prix sociaux. La troisième section tente de comparer l’impact de différentes mesures politiques économiques. Ce module te rmine par une analyse de l’impact des résultats économiques (en utilisant les prix de référence) à l’aide de la Matrice d’Analyse Politique (MAP).
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.