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Book (stand-alone)Global status of salt-affected soils
Main report
2024Also available in:
No results found.Salt-affected soils, characterized by high soluble salts (saline) or exchangeable sodium (sodic), impact plant growth and occur globally, especially in arid and coastal regions. Salinization stems from natural causes (e.g. climate change, sea level rise) and human actions (e.g. poor irrigation practices, excessive water use). FAO’s Global Map of Salt-Affected Soils reveals that over 1 381 million hectares, 10.7 percent of global land, are affected, with Australia, Argentina and Kazakhstan among the most impacted countries. Increasing aridity and water demand amplify soil degradation risks, particularly in developing regions.Climate change and water scarcity threaten agricultural productivity, with substantial crop yield losses observed in saline areas. Halophytes and salt-tolerant crops provide a foundation for saline agriculture, yet many salt-affected soils remain unprotected and inadequately regulated. FAO’s INSAS (International Network of Salt-Affected Soils) underscores the need for updated data, harmonized salinity measurements, and sustainable management practices, with enhanced training and policy frameworks.Mitigation strategies like improved drainage, soil amendments, and the cultivation of salt-tolerant plants are recommended. Key recommendations include scaling sustainable practices, investing in salt-tolerant crop markets, improving data collection and water quality monitoring, conserving ecosystems, and fostering cross-sector collaboration. Such integrated efforts aim to boost food production and resilience in affected regions while protecting vital ecosystems. -
Book (series)Life cycle assessment of southern pink shrimp products from Senegal. An environmental comparison between artisanal fisheries in the Casamance region and a trawl fishery based in Dakar. 2009
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No results found.Life cycle assessment (LCA) of two Senegalese seafood products exported to Europe has been undertaken based on the functional unit of one kilogram of product (frozen whole shrimps, independent of size) plus the accompanying packaging at the point of import to Europe, i.e. transported by boat to Vigo, Spain. The products are exchangeable on the European market, but the way they reach this market from the fishery over processing is very different. One product is produced through on-board p rocessing on demersal trawlers based in Dakar fishing at sea in FAO fishing zone 34 (eastern central Atlantic), then landed and stored before being exported to Europe. The other product originates in artisanal fisheries in the Casamance River in southern Senegal. Fishing takes place to similar extents by the two fishing methods: Mujas, a fixed trawl set in the deepest part of the river from a canoe, and Félé-félé, a type of driftnet managed by three men in a canoe. The shrimps are land ed and transported to a processing plant in Ziguinchor where they are washed, packed and frozen before land transportation to Dakar, storage and finally shipment to Europe. The three fisheries included (trawl, Mujas and Félé-félé) were shown to have highly different catch compositions. Each fishing method has advantages and drawbacks from a biological point of view, i.e. proportion of discard, landed bycatch and small shrimps in the catch. LCA results showed major differences between the two final products, with regard to resource use and environmental impact, depending on their origin. For the product originating in trawling, fishing was the most important activity in all categories of environmental impact. For the product originating in the artisanal fishery, fishing was the most important activity from a biological point of view. In contrast, processing and storage dominated the two categories: global warming and ozone depletion potential. The main areas to improve regarding these categories in the production chain of the trawled product are the use of fuel and refrigerants on board, while the main areas for improvement in the chain of the artisanal product are the use of energy and refrigerants in the processing plant and the energy source used by the plant. Both on board the trawlers and in the mainland processing of artisanal shrimps, considerable amounts of refrigerants with a high global warming and ozone depletion potential are used to fre eze the shrimp products. In both chains, transportation was found to be of minor importance. Increased traceability and labelling is also desirable to enable active consumer choices between products. -
Book (stand-alone)Pertinence d’une Indication Géographique (IG) pour le sel du Lac Rose au Sénégal 2017
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Les indications géographiques (IG) bénéficient aujourd’hui d’un contexte favorable, tant au niveau international qu’à l’échelle du Continent africain. Le Sénégal, qui fait partie des pays membres de l’OAPI (Organisation Africaine de Propriété Intellectuelle), présente un potentiel de produits traditionnels dont la qualité est liée à l’origine. Le sel du Lac Rose, produit sénégalais typique dont la production reste traditionnelle, pourrait bénéficier d’une stratégie de cercle vertueux de la quali té liée à l’origine, afin d’être valorisé auprès des consommateurs nationaux et à l’export pour sortir de l’anonymat d’un marché peu différencié. Cette démarche pourrait également permettre de préserver l’écosystème du lac, d’améliorer les conditions de travail des acteurs de la filière et de renforcer l’action collective. Pour ce faire, certaines étapes restent à franchir en termes de coordination des acteurs, d’amélioration de la qualité (générique et spécifique), de sensibilisation des consom mateurs, de reconnaissance et de crédibilité du système de contrôle et de traçabilité.
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