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Situation et faits nouveaux importants en matière de commerce international des produits de la pêche

Document de réunion COFI:FT/X/2006/2












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    Importance du commerce international pour les produits de la pêche et de l’aquaculture 2024
    Sous l’effet de la croissance économique, des avancées technologiques et de la libéralisation des échanges, l’intégration des secteurs de la pêche et de l’aquaculture aux marchés internationaux a offert de nombreux avantages, parmi lesquels une allocation plus efficiente des ressources, un éventail élargi de choix de produits pour les consommateurs, un meilleur accès aux poissons et fruits de mer, et des perspectives de développement plus vastes, en particulier pour les pays et les populations les plus vulnérables.Ces dernières décennies, le secteur de la pêche et de l’aquaculture s’est développé et les produits aquatiques sont devenus de plus en plus importants pour les populations, aussi bien en tant que moyen d’existence et de subsistance, mais aussi au plan nutritionnel, comme source de protéines et de macronutriments. Depuis les années 1960, la consommation de produits halieutiques comestibles est passée de 9,0 kg par habitant (en 1961) à 20,2 kg par habitant (en 2020). Aujourd’hui, les produits de la pêche et de l’aquaculture font partie des produits de base les plus commercialisés au monde, et contribuent pour beaucoup à la croissance économique de plusieurs pays en développement en ouvrant des perspectives économiques et en constituant une source de recettes d’exportation. En particulier, la production de produits aquatiques a considérablement augmenté, passant de 71,9 millions de tonnes (équivalent poids vif) en 1990 à 185,5 millions de tonnes en 2023, et les exportations mondiales de produits aquatiques ont elles aussi augmenté, passant de 21 millions de tonnes en 1990 à 68 millions de tonnes projetées en 2023. En 2022, les produits de la pêche et de l’aquaculture auront représenté environ 1 pour cent du commerce mondial (soit en valeur 190 milliards d’USD), s’inscrivant ainsi parmi les produits de base les plus commercialisés au monde. Ce dossier de politique commerciale traite de l’importance de la pêche et de l’aquaculture, offre une vue d’ensemble des statistiques clés sur les produits issus de ces deux secteurs, notamment en ce qui concerne la production et le commerce, et s’intéresse au rôle de la pêche artisanale.
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