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DocumentOther documentPromotion of initiatives to ensure the sustainability of the mangrove crab fishery and its value chains in Madagascar 2014
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The mangrove crab fishery (Scylla scerrata) in Madagascar is an exclusively traditional fishing activity. Crab fishers walk or canoe through the mangroves and use very simple techniques and fishing gear such as a line or a hook mounted on a stick. It is estimated that about 80,000 people are involved in fishing and collecting mangrove crabs in Madagascar. Fishing and landing sites are often very difficult to access, and storage and transport facilities are very rudimentary: this is a sector that has significant post-harvest losses. In recent years, some mangrove areas – those most easily accessible - have already been over-exploited, resulting in a reduction in the average size of crabs caught. -
DocumentOther documentRice-fish farming: a development lever for smallholder farming in Madagascar 2014
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Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in the world and one of the top three countries considered the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change exacerbated by deforestation, natural disasters, chronic poverty, a high dependency on agriculture and a lack of adaptability. Madagascar ranks 154th (out of 185 countries) in the Human Development Index (UNDP 2015), having dropped 19 places between 2010 and 2014 reflecting a difficult internal economic, political and social situation. In fact , according to international thresholds, the poverty rate is 91 per cent (INSTAT/ENSOMD 2012- 2013). According to the national poverty line, 71.5 per cent of Malagasy people are poor and 52.7 per cent are extremely poor, meaning that their resources do not allow them to meet their basic food needs. Poverty in Madagascar is predominantly a rural phenomenon mainly affecting farmers, given that almost 77 per cent of the working population is involved in agriculture. Poverty also comes with another reality, that of the prominence of malnutrition. More than 40 per cent of infant mortality is caused by malnutrition; 47.3 per cent of children under the age of five suffer from acute malnutrition and the overall rate of acute malnutrition is 8.3 per cent (INSTAT/ENSOMD 2012-2013). Chronic malnutrition in children results in irreversible delays in physical and cognitive growth that are part of the vicious circle of poverty. Madagascar lost 14.5 per cent of its gross national product in 2013 beca use of malnutrition, amounting to 1,533.6 million US dollars and 66 per cent of working-age adults (15-64 years) suffered from stunting as a child, representing 8,287,508 people who were unable to reach their true potential1. In response to this challenge a project was launched in 2014 aimed at accelerating the spread of carp aquaculture2 in the rice fields of Madagascar’s Highlands (rice-fish culture) in the regions of Haute Matsiatra, Vakinankaratra, Itasy and Amoron’i Mania. The immediate obj ective of this project is to develop an innovative, inexpensive and far-reaching training circuit in rural areas. Secondary objectives are to both reduce household poverty by providing a source of income and contributing to the reduction of malnutrition through a targeted increase in the availability and consumption of fish. Rice-fish integration makes it possible to optimize the use of land and water resources, in addition to other available facilities, with little investment by combining the p roduction of plant and animal products. Ricefish farming can increase rice yields by 10 to 30 per cent and produce fish with an average yield of 205 kg/ha. In Madagascar, the actual production of fish in rice fields is an estimated 3-5,000 MT per year, but this could go up to 30 to 50,000 MT per year in 30 years with the expected impacts of combatting malnutrition and rural poverty. -
DocumentOther documentOctopus Fishery Management Initiatives: A Promising Approach for Managing Coastal Fisheries 2014
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Fished on all coasts of the Western Indian Ocean region, octopus - Octopus cyanea - is a source of income for numerous coastal communities. As it occurs in lagoons, octopus is generally fished on foot at low tide, although in numerous locations, the increasing scarcity of the resource has driven fishers to dive over the submarine wall. Formerly considered as a low-value product that only fisher households consume, octopus from South West Indian Ocean is now widely marketed. Nowadays, the region exports over 3,000MT of octopus per year, the largest part of which is provided by Tanzania and Madagascar. The octopuses are mainly intended for the European Union market, particularly Portugal, Italy, and France.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical studyAccès à l’espace rural et administration des terres après des conflits violents 2005Le présent guide intitulé « Accès à l’espace rural et administration des terres après des conflits violents » a été élaboré pour aider les spécialistes concernés à remettre sur pied les régimes fonciers et l’administration foncière dans les pays émergeant de conflits violents. Il est particulièrement difficile, dans de telles situations, d’assurer un accès sans danger à la terre. Les conflits violents entraînent généralement le déplacement d’une grande partie de la population. À l’issue du conf lit, certains de ceux qui regagnent leur foyer trouvent leur bien occupé par d’autres. Une terre peut être revendiquée de façon légitime par plusieurs prétendants différents à la suite d’exodes successifs. De nombreuses personnes peuvent se trouver dans l’incapacité de récupérer leur terre et dans l’obligation de s’installer ailleurs. De plus, le manque de moyens dont souffre l’administration centrale et locale peut compromettre la satisfaction des requêtes portant sur les terres, notamment lors qu’elles émanent de populations vulnérables, qui comprennent presque toujours des femmes et des enfants, mais aussi des minorités ethniques ou politiques. Le présent guide contient des conseils sur des problèmes spécifiques dont doivent tenir compte les spécialistes des régimes fonciers et de l’administration des terres intervenant après des conflits. Il décrit dans les grandes lignes les principales caractéristiques des pays émergeant d’un conflit violent et souligne la nécessité de résoud re les problèmes d’accès à la terre et d’administration foncière. Il énumère les aspects essentiels à analyser lors des évaluations initiales et fournit des exemples de mesures susceptibles d’être appliquées dans des délais relativement brefs. Il propose quelques orientations pour la restitution des terres à ceux qui la revendiquent de façon légitime ainsi que pour la réinstallation des personnes ne disposant pas de terres ou dans l’incapacité de regagner leur foyer.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.