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Le SARS-CoV-2 chez les animaux élevés pour leur fourrure

Évaluation du risque GLEWS+ (20 janvier 2021)










FAO, OIE, WHO. 2021. Le SARS-CoV-2 chez les animaux élevés pour leur fourrure  – Évaluation du risque GLEWS+  (20 janvier 2021)​​. Rome.



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    Le SRAS-CoV-2 est un nouveau virus à la source de l’épidémie massive actuelle de covid-19. Les pays ont demandé à la FAO de fournir des conseils sur la meilleure façon d’enquêter sur la ou les sources animales potentielles du virus. Ce résumé de la version initiale du document sur l’évaluation qualitative rapide des risques de propagation du SRAS-CoV-2 à l’interface entre l’animal et l’homme présente les principales lacunes dans les connaissances ainsi que ses recommandations clés.
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    SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in humans in December 2019 and has since affected almost 68 million people causing over 1.5 million deaths worldwide. Animal-to-human and animal-to-animal transmission has been documented within farmed minks in several countries. SARS-CoV-2 has been identified in a farmed mink population in a number of countries. Some of the affected farms reported also workers SARS-CoV-2 infection and it is hypothesized that the mink farms were infected through human-mink transmission proving SARS-CoV-2 capability of reverse zoonosis. This Tripartite Risk Assessment, as a joint effort under the GLEWS+ initiative, completed with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), evaluates the risk of introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 within fur farming systems as well as whether farmed fur animals could play a significant role in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 to humans via spillover. Additionally, using a One Health approach, the Tripartite evaluated the risk of the escaped minks leading to the establishment of a viral reservoir in susceptible wildlife populations. This work provides guidance to Members on this newly emerging threat.
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    Recommendations for the epidemiological investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in exposed animals
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    Acknowledging the zoonotic nature of SARS-CoV-2, investigations about potential animal hosts are of great importance to improve understanding of COVID-19 epidemiology and identify susceptible animal species as well as possible transmission between humans and animals. Positive findings by a polymerase chain reaction in dogs, cats, farmed mink, and wild feline in zoos have raised concerns about the possible role livestock and companion animals could play in the amplification and spread of the virus. Several studies looking at the binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 receptor in different animal species hypothesized a probable wide range of animal hosts especially mammals. Field studies need to be undertaken now, in the short term, while virus circulation in humans is ongoing in different parts of the world. A thorough One Health investigation is recommended by FAO for events where livestock and companion animals are in close contact to confirmed human COVID-19 cases, or in situations where animals tested SARS-CoV-2 positive in absence of information on the infection status of in-contact humans. By jointly analyzing laboratory and epidemiological information on human and animal cases collected by public health and veterinary services, so-called 4-way linking, our understanding of the epidemiology of COVID-19 and potential transmission between humans and animals will be greatly enhanced.

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