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Book (series)Technical studyÉvaluation de l’avantage comparatif pour l’aquaculture: cadre d’évaluation et application à certaines espèces dans les pays en voie de développement. 2010
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Le commerce international des produits de la pêche s’est développé, en même temps que l’importance absolue et relative de l’aquaculture comme source de production halieutique. La crevette et le saumon sont deux exemples d’espèces élevées dans des pays en voie de développement et commercialisées au niveau international. Le degré de compétitivité d’un pays vis-à-vis d’autres producteurs est fonction, en partie, des modes de transport et de l’offre de produits alimentaires, mais aussi des coûts de production. L’avantage comparatif est un moyen de comparer les coûts relatifs et de désigner les espèces et les marchés présentant les plus grandes chances de réussite. Il existe toutefois des problèmes pour estimer l’avantage comparatif: la méthode peut être statique plutôt que dynamique et peut ne pas être révélatrice d’opportunités à long terme. Cependant, elle représente un outil utile pour les planificateurs qui élaborent des stratégies aquacoles et pour les pisciculteurs individuels. Deux méthodes existent pour évaluer les avantages comparatifs – elles ont toutes les deux été appliquées à l’aquaculture. La méthode du coût de la ressource intérieure (CRI) s’appuie sur les données de coûts de production pour comparer l’efficacité. L’existence de distorsions peut exiger l’évaluation de prix de référence pour refléter de véritables coûts d’opportunité sociaux, mais, sous réserve d’un ajustement convenable des prix de référence, le pays qui a le plus bas CRI a un avantage comparatif . La méthode CRI est dynamique, et fournit des informations utiles aux décideurs; cependant, les données relatives aux coûts peuvent être difficiles à obtenir et la fixation des prix de référence est alors problématique. La deuxième méthode est l’avantage comparatif révélé (ACR), où l’avantage comparatif est déduit d’après une évaluation a posteriori du commerce réel et du niveau de spécialisation. D’après les statistiques commerciales on peut savoir si un pays exporte une espèce en direction d’ un pays particulier plus que vers le reste du monde; s’il en est ainsi, il est jugé avoir un avantage comparatif dans ce marché particulier. La méthode ACR est plus descriptive et possède un potentiel prédictif moins marqué que l’approche CRI, mais elle a l’avantage de la disponibilité des données.Le présent document illustre le concept d’avantage comparatif et certaines de ses implications en termes de politiques en proposant deux études de cas: la première se concentre sur les pays exportateur s de crevettes alors que la deuxième est axée sur la production aquacole en eau douce de carpe, silure et tilapia. La méthode CRI est utilisée dans les deux cas. -
Book (series)Guideline
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No Thumbnail AvailableBook (series)Technical reportReport of the Technical Consultation on Legal Frameworks and Economic Policy Instruments for Sustainable Commercial Aquaculture in Africa South of the Sahara. Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, 4-7 December 2001. / Rapport de la Consultation technique sur les cadres juridiques et les instruments de politique économique à adopter pour promouvoir une aquaculture commerciale durable en Afrique subsaharienne. Arusha, République-Unie de Tanzanie, 4-7 décembre 2001. 2002
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No results found.A Technical Consultation on Legal Frameworks and Economic Policy Instruments for Sustainable Commerc ial Aquaculture in Africa South of the Sahara was held at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania from 4 to 7 December 2001. It was attended by 16 Members of FAO from south of the Sahara and by one observer from an Intergovernmental organization and seven observers from the private sector. The Consultation examined the major constraints to the development of sustainable commercial aquaculture in s ub-Saharan Africa. It reviewed the status and potential of commercial aquaculture, examined the markets and trade, considered the policy options and the framework of legislation favourable for the development of commercial aquaculture. In addition, the Consultation agreed on a set of Conclusions and recommendations for action at national, regional and international levels which point the way forward. Amongst the recommendations, the Consultation requested FAO to continue its efforts in assis ting the sub-Saharan countries in increasing awareness of the potential of aquaculture and upgrading the skills of the members to enable them to take full advantage of the existing potential.
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.