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Perspectivas alimentarias - Resúmenes de mercado

Junio de 2021











El informe completo está disponible en inglés "Food Outlook – Biannual Report on Global Food Markets - June 2021




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    Many people worldwide lack adequate access to clean water to meet basic needs, and many important economic activities, such as energy production and agriculture, also require water. Climate change is likely to aggravate water stress. As temperatures rise, ecosystems and the human, plant, and animal communities that depend on them will need more water to maintain their health and to thrive. Forests and trees are integral to the global water cycle and therefore vital for water security – they regulate water quantity, quality, and timing and provide protective functions against (for example) soil and coastal erosion, flooding, and avalanches. Forested watersheds provide 75 percent of our freshwater, delivering water to over half the world’s population. The purpose of A Guide to Forest–Water Management is to improve the global information base on the protective functions of forests for soil and water. It reviews emerging techniques and methodologies, provides guidance and recommendations on how to manage forests for their water ecosystem services, and offers insights into the business and economic cases for managing forests for water ecosystem services. Intact native forests and well-managed planted forests can be a relatively cheap approach to water management while generating multiple co-benefits. Water security is a significant global challenge, but this paper argues that water-centered forests can provide nature-based solutions to ensuring global water resilience.
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    En el informe de este año se presentan evidencias de que la cifra absoluta de personas que padecen hambre sigue aumentando lentamente. El informe también destaca que la inseguridad alimentaria es algo más que solamente hambre. Por vez primera, el informe proporciona datos según los cuales hay muchas personas en el mundo que, si bien no padecen hambre, experimentan inseguridad alimentaria moderada, ya que se enfrentan a incertidumbres en cuanto a su capacidad para obtener alimentos y se ven obligadas a aceptar menos calidad o cantidad en los alimentos que consumen. Este fenómeno se observa a nivel mundial, no solamente en países de ingresos bajos y medianos, sino también en países de ingresos altos. El informe también pone de manifiesto que el mundo no está en camino de cumplir las metas mundiales de nutrición, incluidas las relativas al bajo peso al nacer y a la reducción del retraso del crecimiento en los niños menores de cinco años. Además, el sobrepeso y la obesidad siguen aumentando en todas las regiones, especialmente entre los niños en edad escolar y los adultos. El informe destaca que no hay ninguna región libre de la epidemia del sobrepeso y la obesidad, y subraya la necesidad de enfoques multifacéticos y multisectoriales para detener y revertir estas inquietantes tendencias.
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    Despite almost a century of research and extension efforts, soil erosion by water, wind and tillage continues to be the greatest threat to soil health and soil ecosystem services in many regions of the world. Our understanding of the physical processes of erosion and the controls on those processes has been firmly established. Nevertheless, some elements remain controversial. It is often these controversial questions that hamper efforts to implement sound erosion control measures in many areas of the world. This book, released in the framework of the Global Symposium on Soil Erosion (15-17 May 2019) reviews the state-of-the-art information related to all topics related to soil erosion.