The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023

ANNEXES

ANNEX 9: Subnational cost and affordability of a healthy diet by urban–rural catchment area in selected countries in Africa

Presented below are complementary results for the analysis of the cost and affordability of subnational healthy diet baskets in 11 Western, Eastern and Southern African countries (see Table A5.1 for list of countries).

Figure A9.1 shows the average share cost of each food group in a subnational healthy diet basket across ten URCA categories for high- and low-food-budget countries.

Figure A9.1Cost contribution of each food group as share of total cost of a healthy diet in selected high- and low-food-budget countries in Africa across the rural–urban continuum (URCA)

A bar chart plots the contribution of each food group as share of total cost of a healthy diet in selected high-food-budget countries.

Figure A9-1: Long Description

The vertical axis represents the average share cost of each food group in a healthy diet in percentage. The data is represented as UCRA locations; Staple foods, Vegetables, Fruits, Animal source foods, Pulses, seeds and nuts, and Fats and oils. Large city (greater 1 million people): 18, 18, 14, 35, 8, and 6. Intermediate city (0.25 to 1 million people) : 18, 17, 14, 38, 7, and 6. Small city (50 to 250 thousand people) : 18, 18, 13, 39, 6, and 6. Town (20 to 50 thousand people) : 16, 18, 12, 41, 6, and 6. Less than 1 hour to a large city: 17, 18, 14, 37, 7, and 7. Less than 1 hour to an intermediate city: 17, 20, 15, 34, 7, and 7. Less than 1 hour to a small city: 18, 21, 13, 35, 6, and 7. Less than 1 hour to a town: 20, 19, 11, 38, 6, and 6. 1 to 2 hours to a city or town: 19, 21, 13, 32, 7, and 6. Greater 2 hours to a city or town: 17, 21, 13, 38, 6, and 6.

A bar chart plots the contribution of each food group as share of total cost of a healthy diet in selected low-food-budget countries.

Figure A9-1 (Continued): Long Description

The vertical axis represents the average share cost of each food group in a healthy diet in percentage. The data is represented as UCRA locations; Staple foods, Vegetables, Fruits, Animal source foods, Pulses, seeds and nuts, and Fats and oils. Large city (greater 1 million people): 17, 20, 18, 33, 6, and 6. Intermediate city (0.25 to 1 million people) : 21, 18, 14, 35, 6, and 7. Small city (50 to 250 thousand people) : 21, 18, 13, 35, 6, and 7. Town (20 to 50 thousand people) : 20, 17, 13, 35, 7, and 8. Less than 1 hour to a large city: 20, 19, 13, 35, 6, and 7. Less than 1 hour to an intermediate city: 17, 20, 15, 34, 7, and 7. Less than 1 hour to a small city: 18, 21, 13, 35, 6, and 7. Less than 1 hour to a town: 20, 19, 11, 38, 6, and 6. 1 to 2 hours to a city or town: 19, 21, 13, 32, 7, and 6. Greater 2 hours to a city or town: 17, 21, 13, 38, 6, and 6.

NOTES: All surveys are 2018/19, except Malawi (2019/20). See Table A5.1 for the list of 11 Western, Eastern and Southern African countries. See Table 10 for the definition and list of high- and low-food-budget countries.
SOURCE: Holleman, C. & Latino, L. 2023. Variations in the subnational cost and affordability of a healthy diet for selected countries in Africa. Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper 23-10. Rome, FAO.

Table A9.1Comparison of average food expenditure and cost of a healthy diet basket for selected high- and low-food-budget countries in Africa

A table compares the average food expenditure and cost of a healthy diet basket for selected high- and low-food-budget countries in Africa.

NOTES: Average household food consumption and average cost of a healthy diet by high- and low-food-budget country and by country, expressed in PPP dollars per person per day (PPP = purchasing power parity), and the ratio of the cost of a healthy diet and average household food consumption. A ratio greater than 1 shows how many times a healthy diet is more expensive than the average food expenditure. All surveys are 2018/19, except Malawi (2019/20). See Table 10 for the definition and list of high- and low-food-budget countries.
SOURCE: Holleman, C. & Latino, L. 2023. Variations in the subnational cost and affordability of a healthy diet for selected countries in Africa. Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper 23-10. Rome, FAO.

Table A9.2Subnational cost of a healthy diet in selected high- and low-food-budget countries in Africa across the rural–urban continuum (URCA)

A table compares the subnational cost of a healthy diet in selected high- and low-food-budget countries in Africa across the rural–urban continuum.

Table A9-2: Long Description

The data is represented as Categories: values for Senegal, Ethiopia, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Nigeria, Guinea-Bissau, Benin, Togo, Burkina Faso, Malawi, and Niger. Urban: 2.06, 3.15, 2.07, 2.23, 2.15, 1.84, 1.44, 1.72, 2.5, 1.72, 2.2. Large city (greater 1 million people): 2.19, 3.24, 2.18, 2.23, 2.23, blank, 1.62, 1.84, 2.74, blank, 1.84. Intermediate city (0.25 to 1 million people): 1.8, 3.6, 1.98, 2.2, 2.09, 1.85, 1.46, 1.95, 2.14, 1.71, 2.09. Small city (50 to 250 thousand people): 1.93, 2.87, 1.99, 2.25, 2.16, 1.79, 1.27, 1.33, 2.34, 1.68, 2.39. Town (20 to 50 thousand people): 1.98, 3.03, 1.87, 2.13, 2, blank, 1.05, 1.58, 2.2, 1.76, 2.19. Peri-Urban, Less than 1 hour to a large city: 1.75, 2.21, 1.91, 1.9, 1.73, 1.95, 1.05, 1.03, 2.09, 1.21, 2.03. Less than 1 hour to an intermediate city: 1.81, 2.65, 2.05, 2.2, 2.03, 2.06, 1.22, 1.09, 2.11, 1.75, 2.25. Less than 1 hour to a small city: 1.62, 2.13, 1.82, 2.4, 1.62, 2.1, 1.01, 1.51, 2.08, 1.21, 1.91. Less than 1 hour to a small city: 1.84, 2.19, 1.9, 1.69, 1.53, 1.83, 0.98, 0.96, 2.09, 1.18, 2.07. Rural: 1.71, 2.28, 1.85, 1.87, 1.64, 1.57, 1, 1.07, 1.97, 1.18, 1.98. Less than 1 hour to a town: blank, blank, 1.76, 2.22, 2.04, 2.59, 1.05, blank, 2.4, 1.79, 1.86. 1 to 2 hours to a city or town: 1.67, 2.09, 1.85, 1.74, 1.57, 1.54, 0.99, 1.07, 1.96, 1.12, 1.93. Greater 2 hours to a city or town: 2.29, 2.7, 2.16, 2.2, 2.7, 1.53, blank, blank, 1.8, 2.16, 2.06.

NOTES: PPP = purchasing power parity. Cost in URCAs with fewer than 30 observations is not shown. In Ethiopia, cost of healthy diet basket in areas 1 hour travel or less to a town was not computed for price unavailability. All surveys are for 2018/19, except Malawi (2019/20). See Table 10 for the definition and list of high- and low-food-budget countries.
SOURCE: Holleman, C. & Latino, L. 2023. Variations in the subnational cost and affordability of a healthy diet for selected countries in Africa. Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper 23-10. Rome, FAO.

Table A9.3Affordability of a healthy diet in selected high- and low-food-budget countries in Africa across the rural–urban continuum (URCA)

A table compares the affordability of a healthy diet in selected high- and low-food-budget countries in Africa across the rural–urban continuum.

Table A9-3: Long Description

The data is represented as Categories: values for Senegal, Ethiopia, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Nigeria, Guinea-Bissau, Benin, Togo, Burkina Faso, Malawi, and Niger. Urban: 18.1, 57.1, 18.4, 18.3, 35.9, 29.9, 12.8, 33.3, 52.6, 54.2, 47.4. Large city (greater 1 million people): 17.7, 51.3, 13.9, 19.2, 27.6, blank, 20.2, 35.8, 52.6, blank, 16.2. Intermediate city (0.25 to 1 million people): 14.9, 73.4, 23.6, 14.9, 47.9, 30.5, 7.4, 46.8, 55, 51.1, 37.3. Small city (50 to 250 thousand people): 21.3, 45.8, 21.9, 18.6, 32.5, 26.2, 6.7, 23.8, 48.6, 52.9, 58. Town (20 to 50 thousand people): 22.2, 77.1, 25.4, 14.2, 41.3, blank, 7.8, 26.1, 56.3, 67.5, 68.3. Peri-Urban, Less than 1 hour to a large city: 41.5, 72.2, 39.7, 33.8, 48.4, 53.6, 10.9, 25.6, 79.2, 68.8, 76.7. Less than 1 hour to an intermediate city: 35.9, 61.2, 27.9, 32.7, 39.7, 47.1, 13.9, 26.7, 79.4, 67.1, 63.1. Less than 1 hour to a small city: 42, 70.4, 39.7, 52.3, 51.6, 56.3, 13.1, 27.2, 68.9, 70.5, 68.6. Less than 1 hour to a small city: 45.6, 74.7, 42.3, 31.2, 54.5, 52.9, 9.2, 24.9, 80.2, 65.6, 85.7. Rural: 45.3, 70.1, 40.8, 38.5, 46, 40.3, 16.4, 33.5, 74.9, 67.8, 84.9. Less than 1 hour to a town: blank, blank, 47.3, 45.4, 66.7, 75.3, 19.3, blank, 68.1, 85.4, 83. 1 to 2 hours to a city or town: 44, 60.7, 39.9, 35.9, 44.3, 42.6, 15.8, 33.5, 74.7, 66.2, 83.3. Greater 2 hours to a city or town: 64.7, 91, 47.1, 46, 51.6, 28.6, blank, blank, 79.4, 95.3, 87.5.

NOTES: Cost in URCAs with fewer than 30 observations is not shown. In Ethiopia, cost of healthy diet basket in areas 1 hour travel or less to a town was not computed for price unavailability. All surveys are for 2018/19, except Malawi (2019/20). See Table 10 for the definition and list of high- and low-food-budget countries.
SOURCE: Holleman, C. & Latino, L. 2023. Variations in the subnational cost and affordability of a healthy diet for selected countries in Africa. Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper 23-10. Rome, FAO.