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சிறிய மீன்பிடி படகுகளின் எரிபொருள் சேமிப்பு

ஒரு கையேடு

Copyright licence

Year of publication 2023

Place of publication Rome, Italy ;

Pages 72 p.

Author FAO

Publisher FAO ;

Product type Book (stand-alone)

Category Technical book

ISBN 978-92-5-137749-9

Synopsis (short abstract) இந்த கையேடு மீன்பிடிப் படகு உரிமையாளர்கள் மற்றும் பணியாளர்கள், படகு கட்டுபவர்களுக்குத் தேவையான ஆலோசனைகளை வழங்குவதை நோக்கமாகக் கொண்டுள்ளது மற்றும் படகு வடிவமைப்பாளர்கள் மற்றும் மீன்வள நிர்வாகிகள் எரிபொருள் செலவைக் குறைப்பதற்கான வழிமுறைகளையும் எடுத்துரைக்கிறது. சிறிய படகுகள் அதாவது 16 மீ (50 அடி) நீளம் கொண்ட படகுகள் வைத்து மீன்வளர்ப்பில் ஈடுபட்டுவரும் நபா்களுக்கு எாிபொருள் சேமிப்பதற்கான வழிகாட்டு நெறிமுறைகளை கொண்டுள்ளது.இது உலகின் பெரும்பாலான நாடுகளில் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் 10 கடல்மைல்களுக்கு குறைவான வேகம் கொண்ட மீன்பிடிப் படகுகளின் இயக்கத்தின் அடிப்படையில் இக்கையேடு படகு வடிவமைப்பாளர்கள் மற்றும் படகு கட்டுபவர்களுக்கு குறைந்த எதிா்ப்பிற்கான படகு வடிவமைப்பு மற்றும் திறன்வாய்ந்த உந்துசுழலியை எவ்வாறு தோ்ந்தெடுப்பது பற்றிய தகவல்களை வழங்குகிறது. இந்த கையேட்டின் முதல் அத்தியாயத்தில் எரிபொருள் சிக்கனம் பற்றியும், தற்போதுள்ள படகுகளில் பெரிய முதலீட்டுச் செலவுகள் இல்லாமல் தடுக்கக்கூடிய நடவடிக்கைகள் பற்றியும், படகு சேவை வேகத்தைக் குறைத்தல், படகு தளம் மற்றும் திறன்வாய்ந்த உந்துசுழலியை நிறுவுதல் ஆகியவை அடங்கும், படகுக்கூட்டின் அடிப்பாகத்தில் கறைபடிதல் மற்றும் படகு எஞ்சினைப் பராமரித்தல் ஆகியவற்றிலிருந்து விடுபடுகிறது. இவ்வகையான மீன்பிடி முறைகள் மூலம் எரிபொருளைச் சேமிக்கலாம். இந்த கையேட்டின் இறுதி அத்தியாயங்கள் பற்றிய தகவல்களை வழங்குகிறது. இரண்டு வீச்சு உந்துதிறன் கொண்ட வெளிப்பொருத்து எஞ்சினிலிருந்து டீசல் பயன்பாட்டில் இயங்கும் எஞ்சினுக்கு மாற்றுவதன் மூலம் எரிபொருள் சேமிப்பு சாத்தியமாகிறது. மேலும் டீசல் எஞ்சினை நிறுவுதல் மற்றும் பாய்மரத்தைப் பயன்படுத்துதல் இவ்வகையான மாறுதல் அவரவா் பொருளாதார சக்தியின் அடிப்படையில் இம்மாற்றத்தை தேர்வு செய்கிறாா்கள். நீர்வழிக்கோட்டின் நீளம் மற்றும் படகின் எடை ஆகியவை கொண்டு இவ்வகை மாற்றம் தோ்வு குறித்து ஆலோசனை வழங்கப்படுகிறது. எஞ்சினின் வேகக் குறைப்பு விகிதம், சேவை வேகம் மற்றும் உந்துசுழலியின் ஒருநிமிடத்திற்கான சுழற்சிகள் மூலம் ஒரு புதிய எரிபொருள் திறன் கொண்ட படகின் வடிவமைப்பு மற்றும் படகினைத் தோ்ந்தெடுக்க உாிய வழிமுறையை வழங்குகிறது. திறன் வாய்ந்த உந்துவிசை, சாத்தியமான எரிபொருள் சேமிப்பு, இயந்திர இயக்க செலவு, படகின் எடை மற்றும் உந்துசுழலியின் விட்டம் மற்றும் பெயா்வு தூரம் பற்றி இந்த கையேட்டில் உள்ள தகவல்கள் மற்றும் முக்கியக் குறிப்புகளை எளிதாகப் புரிந்துகொள்ளும் வகையில் தெளிவான விளக்கப்படங்களுடன் விரிவான தகவல்களும் கொடுக்கபட்டுள்ளது. மேலும், படகு வடிவமைப்பாளா் மற்றும் படகு ஓட்டுநா்கள் குறிப்புகள் குறித்து வைத்துக்கொள்வதற்கு வெற்று அட்டவணைகள் பின் இணைப்புகளில் கொடுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.

Cite this content as:

FAO/BOBP-IGO. 2023. சிறிய மீன்பிடி படகுகளின் எரிபொருள் சேமிப்பு - ஒரு கையேடு

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    කුඩා ධීවර යාත්‍රා සඳහා ඉන්ධන ඉතුරුම් අත්පොත 2023
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    මෙම අත්පොත මගින් ධීවර යාත්‍රා හිමියන්ට සහ කාර්ය මණ්ඩලයට, බෝට්ටු සාදන්නන්ට සහ බෝට්ටු නිර්මාණකරුවන්ට සහ ධීවර පරිපාලකයින්ට ඉන්ධන පිරිවැය අඩු කිරීමේ ක්‍රම පිළිබඳව ප්‍රායෝගික උපදෙස් ලබා දීම අරමුණු කරයි. එය ජලජීවී වගා කටයුතු සඳහා භාවිතා කරන කුඩා යාත්‍රා සඳහා ඉන්ධන ඉතිරිකිරීම් සමඟ සම්බන්ධ වූවන් සඳහා මාර්ගෝපදේශයක් ලෙසද ක්‍රියා කරයි. එය මීටර් 16 (අඩි 50) දක්වා දිග සහ පැයට නාවික සැතපුම් 10 ට අඩු වේගයකින් ක්‍රියාත්මක වන කුඩා බෝට්ටු කෙරෙහි අවධානය යොමු කරයි. මෙය ලෝකයේ ධීවර බෝට්ටු බහුතරයක් ආවරණය කරයි. මෙම අත්පොත මගින් බෝට්ටු නිර්මාණකරුවන්ට සහ බෝට්ටු සාදන්නන්ට අඩු ප්‍රතිරෝධයක් සහ කාර්යක්ෂම ප්‍රචාලකයන් තෝරාගැනීම සඳහා බඳ හැඩය පිළිබඳ තොරතුරු සපයයි. මෙම අත්පොතෙහි පළමු පරිච්ඡේද මඟින් විශාල ආයෝජන පිරිවැයකින් තොරව දැනයමත් ගොඩනැගූ බෝට්ටු මත ගත හැකි ඉන්ධන ඉතිරි කිරීමේ ක්‍රියාමාර්ග පිළිබඳව සාකච්ඡා කෙරේ. බෝට්ටු සේවා වේගය අඩු කිරීම, බඳ සහ ප්‍රචාලකය දිය යට අපිරිසිදු වීමකින් තොරව තබා ගැනීම සහ බෝට්ටු එන්ජිම නඩත්තු කිරීම වඩාත් ඵලදායී පියවරයන් වේ. මසුන් ඇල්ලීමේ ක්‍රම වෙනස් කිරීමෙන් ඉන්ධන ඉතිරි කර ගත හැකි බව ද යෝජනා කරයි. මෙම අත්පොතෙහි අවසාන පරිච්ඡේද මඟින් 2-ස්ට්‍රෝක් අවුට්බෝඩ් එන්ජිමක සිට ඩීසල් එන්ජිමකට වෙනස් කිරීම, ඩීසල් එන්ජිමක් ස්ථාපනය කිරීම සහ රුවල් භාවිතා කිරීම මඟින් සිදු කළ හැකි ඉන්ධන ඉතිරි කිරීම් පිළිබඳ තොරතුරු සපයයි. ජල මාර්ගයේ දිග සහ බෝට්ටුවේ බර අනුව ආර්ථිකමය එන්ජින් බලයක් තෝරා ගැනීම සාකච්ඡා කෙරේ. ගියර් අඩු කිරීමේ අනුපාතය සහ සේවා වේගය, සේවා බලය සහ ප්‍රචාලක වට ගණන සම්බන්ධ ප්‍රචාලක තේරීම පිළිබඳව උපදෙස් දෙනු ලැබේ. නව ඉන්ධන-කාර්යක්ෂම බෝට්ටුවක් සැලසුම් කිරීම සහ ප්‍රශස්ත ප්‍රචාලකයක් තෝරා ගැනීම සඳහා සහාය වීමට දත්ත සපයනු ලැබේ. මෙම අත්පොතෙහි අඩංගු තොරතුරු ප්‍රධාන කරුණු වඩාත් පහසුවෙන් අවබෝධ කර ගැනීම සඳහා බොහෝ උදාහරණ ඇතුළත් කර ඇත. සවිස්තරාත්මක පසුබිම් තොරතුරු උපග්‍රන්ථවල දක්වා ඇත ඉන්ධන ඉතිරිකිරීමට ඇති ඉඩ, එන්ජිම ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමේ පිරිවැය, බෝට්ටුවක බර සහ ප්‍රචාලකයක විෂ්කම්භය සහ තාරතාව ගණනය කිරීමට භාවිතා කළ හැකි හිස් වගු ද උපග්‍රන්ථවල අඩංගු වේ.
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    South China Sea fisheries development and coordinating programme. Intermediate technology and alternative energy systems for small scale fisheries 1979
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    Against the background of the small scale fisheries of the Indo-Pacific region, the paper reviews the need for and relevance of an intermediate technology approach to fisheries development. This is in view of the impending energy crisis, the increasing socio-economic problems of rural fishermen, and the unemployment, pollution, waste and resource depletion resulting from some industrial fishery activities. To avoid future dependance on diminishing resources of fossil fuels, available substitute fuels from organic sources are recommended. Natural energy sources which can power vessels, fish plants, vehicles and fish farms are discussed. Technologies which are low in capital cost and energy requirements and are appropriate to rural fishing villages, are outlined. In view of the current critical situation and the emergence of an appropriate intermediate technology, the writer examines ways in which small scale fisheries may benefit by adapting vessels, fishing methods, fish processing and fish farming activities to obtain the maximum production at the minimum energy consumption and minimum waste of raw materials, while conserving the resource and providing useful, interesting and remunerative work for fishermen and their families. Integrated village systems are proposed and the writer concludes by outlining the potential benefits of wise application of the principles to small scale fisheries throughout the world.
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    Technical study
    Fuel and financial savings for operators of small fishing vessels 1999
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    Fishing continues to be the most energy-intensive food production method in the world today, and it depends almost completely upon oil fuel-based internal combustion engines. There are as yet no signs of any other energy source that could substitute the internal combustion engine in either the medium or short term. The industry continues to be exposed to global fuel prices and it cannot be assumed that these will remain stable indefinitely. Small-scale fisheries account for nearly half of the world's fish production and, although they are generally more labour-intensive than larger industrial fisheries, they are increasingly affected by energy costs. In developing countries, in spite of the energy conservation initiatives of the 1980s (subsequent to the dramatic rise in the cost of fossil fuels), mechanization continues to increase. Fuel costs have ever more influence not only on consumer prices but also on fishermen's and boat owners' net incomes. When levels of employment and cost -sharing systems are considered, it becomes even more important from a social perspective to improve and maintain energy efficiency within small-scale fisheries. This guide presents information on the key technical areas that affect energy efficiency, but only part of the information presented herein will be applicable to any particular fishing situation. The guide is not a result of new original fieldwork but draws on much of the research and experience of the past two decades, updated where possible to include new technical developments. The guide is divided into two major sections: the first relates to changes in operational techniques rather than changes in technology; the second presents information of relevance to vessel operators who are either considering the construction of a new vessel or overhauling and re-equipping an existing vessel.
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    කුඩා ධීවර යාත්‍රා සඳහා ඉන්ධන ඉතුරුම් අත්පොත 2023
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    මෙම අත්පොත මගින් ධීවර යාත්‍රා හිමියන්ට සහ කාර්ය මණ්ඩලයට, බෝට්ටු සාදන්නන්ට සහ බෝට්ටු නිර්මාණකරුවන්ට සහ ධීවර පරිපාලකයින්ට ඉන්ධන පිරිවැය අඩු කිරීමේ ක්‍රම පිළිබඳව ප්‍රායෝගික උපදෙස් ලබා දීම අරමුණු කරයි. එය ජලජීවී වගා කටයුතු සඳහා භාවිතා කරන කුඩා යාත්‍රා සඳහා ඉන්ධන ඉතිරිකිරීම් සමඟ සම්බන්ධ වූවන් සඳහා මාර්ගෝපදේශයක් ලෙසද ක්‍රියා කරයි. එය මීටර් 16 (අඩි 50) දක්වා දිග සහ පැයට නාවික සැතපුම් 10 ට අඩු වේගයකින් ක්‍රියාත්මක වන කුඩා බෝට්ටු කෙරෙහි අවධානය යොමු කරයි. මෙය ලෝකයේ ධීවර බෝට්ටු බහුතරයක් ආවරණය කරයි. මෙම අත්පොත මගින් බෝට්ටු නිර්මාණකරුවන්ට සහ බෝට්ටු සාදන්නන්ට අඩු ප්‍රතිරෝධයක් සහ කාර්යක්ෂම ප්‍රචාලකයන් තෝරාගැනීම සඳහා බඳ හැඩය පිළිබඳ තොරතුරු සපයයි. මෙම අත්පොතෙහි පළමු පරිච්ඡේද මඟින් විශාල ආයෝජන පිරිවැයකින් තොරව දැනයමත් ගොඩනැගූ බෝට්ටු මත ගත හැකි ඉන්ධන ඉතිරි කිරීමේ ක්‍රියාමාර්ග පිළිබඳව සාකච්ඡා කෙරේ. බෝට්ටු සේවා වේගය අඩු කිරීම, බඳ සහ ප්‍රචාලකය දිය යට අපිරිසිදු වීමකින් තොරව තබා ගැනීම සහ බෝට්ටු එන්ජිම නඩත්තු කිරීම වඩාත් ඵලදායී පියවරයන් වේ. මසුන් ඇල්ලීමේ ක්‍රම වෙනස් කිරීමෙන් ඉන්ධන ඉතිරි කර ගත හැකි බව ද යෝජනා කරයි. මෙම අත්පොතෙහි අවසාන පරිච්ඡේද මඟින් 2-ස්ට්‍රෝක් අවුට්බෝඩ් එන්ජිමක සිට ඩීසල් එන්ජිමකට වෙනස් කිරීම, ඩීසල් එන්ජිමක් ස්ථාපනය කිරීම සහ රුවල් භාවිතා කිරීම මඟින් සිදු කළ හැකි ඉන්ධන ඉතිරි කිරීම් පිළිබඳ තොරතුරු සපයයි. ජල මාර්ගයේ දිග සහ බෝට්ටුවේ බර අනුව ආර්ථිකමය එන්ජින් බලයක් තෝරා ගැනීම සාකච්ඡා කෙරේ. ගියර් අඩු කිරීමේ අනුපාතය සහ සේවා වේගය, සේවා බලය සහ ප්‍රචාලක වට ගණන සම්බන්ධ ප්‍රචාලක තේරීම පිළිබඳව උපදෙස් දෙනු ලැබේ. නව ඉන්ධන-කාර්යක්ෂම බෝට්ටුවක් සැලසුම් කිරීම සහ ප්‍රශස්ත ප්‍රචාලකයක් තෝරා ගැනීම සඳහා සහාය වීමට දත්ත සපයනු ලැබේ. මෙම අත්පොතෙහි අඩංගු තොරතුරු ප්‍රධාන කරුණු වඩාත් පහසුවෙන් අවබෝධ කර ගැනීම සඳහා බොහෝ උදාහරණ ඇතුළත් කර ඇත. සවිස්තරාත්මක පසුබිම් තොරතුරු උපග්‍රන්ථවල දක්වා ඇත ඉන්ධන ඉතිරිකිරීමට ඇති ඉඩ, එන්ජිම ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමේ පිරිවැය, බෝට්ටුවක බර සහ ප්‍රචාලකයක විෂ්කම්භය සහ තාරතාව ගණනය කිරීමට භාවිතා කළ හැකි හිස් වගු ද උපග්‍රන්ථවල අඩංගු වේ.
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    South China Sea fisheries development and coordinating programme. Intermediate technology and alternative energy systems for small scale fisheries 1979
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    Against the background of the small scale fisheries of the Indo-Pacific region, the paper reviews the need for and relevance of an intermediate technology approach to fisheries development. This is in view of the impending energy crisis, the increasing socio-economic problems of rural fishermen, and the unemployment, pollution, waste and resource depletion resulting from some industrial fishery activities. To avoid future dependance on diminishing resources of fossil fuels, available substitute fuels from organic sources are recommended. Natural energy sources which can power vessels, fish plants, vehicles and fish farms are discussed. Technologies which are low in capital cost and energy requirements and are appropriate to rural fishing villages, are outlined. In view of the current critical situation and the emergence of an appropriate intermediate technology, the writer examines ways in which small scale fisheries may benefit by adapting vessels, fishing methods, fish processing and fish farming activities to obtain the maximum production at the minimum energy consumption and minimum waste of raw materials, while conserving the resource and providing useful, interesting and remunerative work for fishermen and their families. Integrated village systems are proposed and the writer concludes by outlining the potential benefits of wise application of the principles to small scale fisheries throughout the world.
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    Book (series)
    Technical study
    Fuel and financial savings for operators of small fishing vessels 1999
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    Fishing continues to be the most energy-intensive food production method in the world today, and it depends almost completely upon oil fuel-based internal combustion engines. There are as yet no signs of any other energy source that could substitute the internal combustion engine in either the medium or short term. The industry continues to be exposed to global fuel prices and it cannot be assumed that these will remain stable indefinitely. Small-scale fisheries account for nearly half of the world's fish production and, although they are generally more labour-intensive than larger industrial fisheries, they are increasingly affected by energy costs. In developing countries, in spite of the energy conservation initiatives of the 1980s (subsequent to the dramatic rise in the cost of fossil fuels), mechanization continues to increase. Fuel costs have ever more influence not only on consumer prices but also on fishermen's and boat owners' net incomes. When levels of employment and cost -sharing systems are considered, it becomes even more important from a social perspective to improve and maintain energy efficiency within small-scale fisheries. This guide presents information on the key technical areas that affect energy efficiency, but only part of the information presented herein will be applicable to any particular fishing situation. The guide is not a result of new original fieldwork but draws on much of the research and experience of the past two decades, updated where possible to include new technical developments. The guide is divided into two major sections: the first relates to changes in operational techniques rather than changes in technology; the second presents information of relevance to vessel operators who are either considering the construction of a new vessel or overhauling and re-equipping an existing vessel.
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    လက်ကို မကြာခဏဆေးကြောပါ။ လက်ကို မကြာခဏဆေးကြောခြင်းသည် စားနပ်ရိက္ခာ ဘေးကင်းလုံခြုံစိတ်ချရခြင်း နှင့် သင့်ကျန်းမာရေးအတွက် ကောင်းမွန်စေပါသည်။ 2020
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    အာရှနှင့် ပစိဖိတ်ဒေသတွင် FAO, OIE, WFP နှင့် WHO တို့မှ ရိုးရှင်းသော စားနပ်ရိက္ခာ ဘေးကင်းလုံခြုံမှုဆိုင်ရာ အကြံပြုချက်များ
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    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
    Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
    2021
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    In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.
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