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DocumentOther documentNutrition country profile: Republic of Armenia 2005 2005
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No results found.After becoming independent in 1991, Armenia suffered a difficult transition to a market economy. Factors such as the 1989-94 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, earthquakes and droughts further affected the socio-economic situation. Agricultural reforms implemented after independence did not succeed in enhancing the sector’s low productivity. Despite economic growth over the past eight years, the combined effects of mass impoverishment, rising unemployment and declining access to public services have led to a decline in the quality of life. Trends indicate that poverty could become structural. -
DocumentOther documentNutrition country profile: Republic of Kenya 2005 2005
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No results found.Kenya is a country with a predominantly rural and very young population. About 80% of the land area is arid and semi-arid, mainly in the northern and eastern regions. Areas with a good agricultural potential represent only about 18% of the territory but support 80% of the population. Agriculture, mainly rainfed, is the main sector of the Kenyan economy. The country is recurrently affected by drought, floods and environmental degradation due to over-exploitation of natural resources. -
DocumentOther documentNutrition country profile: Syrian Arab Republic 2005 2005
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No results found.The Syrian Arab Republic suffers from limited rainfall and scarcity of water resources, but despite these difficult conditions, agricultural production has increased notably during the last decades. Syria is a middle-income country. The Human Development Index increased considerably during the last 25-year period, but about one fifth of Syrian people still live below the national poverty line. Constant progress has been made in maternal and child health services leading to a significant reductio n in infant and maternal mortality, and to a very good level of immunization. Nevertheless, diarrheal diseases are still among the main causes of death of children, particularly in rural areas where access to health services but also to clean water and adequate sanitation are more limited.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food and Agriculture 2019
Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction
2019The need to reduce food loss and waste is firmly embedded in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Food loss and waste reduction is considered important for improving food security and nutrition, promoting environmental sustainability and lowering production costs. However, efforts to reduce food loss and waste will only be effective if informed by a solid understanding of the problem. This report provides new estimates of the percentage of the world’s food lost from production up to the retail level. The report also finds a vast diversity in existing estimates of losses, even for the same commodities and for the same stages in the supply chain. Clearly identifying and understanding critical loss points in specific supply chains – where considerable potential exists for reducing food losses – is crucial to deciding on appropriate measures. The report provides some guiding principles for interventions based on the objectives being pursued through food loss and waste reductions, be they in improved economic efficiency, food security and nutrition, or environmental sustainability. -
Book (series)Technical studyThe impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security - An analysis of the evidence and case studies
Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018
2020Also available in:
No results found.Global climate studies show that not only temperatures are increasing and precipitation levels are becoming more varied, all projections indicate these trends will continue. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes in climate over agricultural areas and their impacts on agriculture production and food security. This study presents new analysis on the impact of changing climate on agriculture and food security, by examining the evidence on recent climate variability and extremes over agricultural areas and the impact of these on agriculture and food security. It shows that more countries are exposed to increasing climate variability and extremes and the frequency (the number of years exposed in a five-year period) and intensity (the number of types of climate extremes in a five-year period) of exposure over agricultural areas have increased. The findings of this study are compelling and bring urgency to the fact that climate variability and extremes are proliferating and intensifying and are contributing to a rise in global hunger. The world’s 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, herders, fishers, and forest-dependent people, who derive their food and income from renewable natural resources, are most at risk and affected. Actions to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes urgently need to be scaled up and accelerated. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookStandard operating procedure for soil enzyme activities
β-glucosidases, arylsulfatase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, phosphomonoesterases
2025Also available in:
No results found.This standard operating procedure (SOP) has been harmonized by the joint working group of the FAO's Global Soil Laboratory Network (GLOSOLAN) and the International Network on Soil Biodiversity (NETSOB). The protocol focuses on the determination of five soil enzyme activities: β-Glucosidases, Arylsulfatase, N-acetyl-β-Glucosaminidase, Dehydrogenase, and Phosphomonoesterases. After a general introduction on the importance of soil enzyme as key indicator for soil health and few remarks on the sampling strategies, the determination of each enzyme is presented separately with step-by-step instructions.