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DocumentOther documentDP 9： 按实蝇属（Anastrepha Schiner. ISPM 27 附件 9. ISPM 27 诊断规程 国际植物检疫措施标准 2016实蝇科（Tephritidae）包含约 500 个属 4 450 个种（Norrbom 等，1999a，1999b；Norrbom，2004b）（2014 年该数字是大约 4 700 个种 (A.L. Norrbom，个人通讯， 2014) ）。实蝇科在世界范围内广泛分布于温带、热带和亚热带地区。按实蝇属（Anastrepha Schiner）（实蝇科：长尾实蝇族 (Toxotrypanini) ）是美洲实蝇科中最大的一个属，代表性的种超过 250 个，从美国南部（德克萨斯和佛罗里达）到阿根廷北部之间都有发生（Hernández-Ortiz，1992；Foote 等，1993；Hernández-Ortiz 和 Aluja， 1993；Norrbom，2004b；Norrbom 等，2012）。因对受其危害的栽培水果（例如芒果和柑橘）高度重要且其寄主范围广泛，至少有 7 种按实蝇被认为是重大的经济害虫。这 7 种是南美按实蝇（A. fraterculus (Wiedemann) ）、南美瓜按实蝇（A. grandis (Macquart) ）、墨西哥按实蝇（A. ludens (Loe w) ）、西印度按实蝇（A. obliqua (Macquart) ）、暗色实蝇（A. serpentina (Wiedemann) ）、美洲番石榴按实蝇（A. striata Schiner），以及加勒比按实蝇（A. suspensa (Loew) ）。南美按实蝇被认为是一个隐存复合种（Hernández-Ortiz 等，2004，2012；Selivon 等，2004， 2005；Vera 等，2006；Cáceres 等，2009）。本按实蝇诊断规程涵盖了该属及其中具有重大经济重要性的种的形态学鉴定。有关实蝇科各种实蝇更详细的一般信息，参看 Norrbom（2010）。
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DocumentOther documentISPM 27诊断规程 DP 8： 鳞球茎茎线虫（Ditylenchus dipsaci）与 腐烂茎线虫（Ditylenchus destructor） 2016茎线虫属（Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936）很大，其中各种线虫在全球广泛分布，大多数种类取食菌类。然而，该属有少数种类是高等植物的重要有害生物（Sturhan 和Brzeski，1991）。应说明的是，尽管有一些植物（例如甜菜、紫花苜蓿、三叶草）既可被鳞球茎茎线虫（Ditylenchus dipsaci）又可被腐烂茎线虫（Ditylenchus destructor）侵染，但两种线虫在同一植株上很少同时发生（Andrássy 和 Farkas，1988）。
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Book (series)Normative documentISPM第1号关于植物保护在国际贸易中应用植物检疫措施的植物检疫原则
（2006 年）
2016本标准说明了《国际植保公约》所包含的，在其国际植物检疫措施标准中所阐明的关于植物保护的植物检疫原则和概念。它涉及与植物，包括栽培和非栽培/非管理植物、野生植物和水生植物保护有关的原则，关于对人员、商品和运输工具的国际流动采用植物检疫措施的原则和概念，《国际植保公约》目标中所固有的那些原则和概念。本标准并不改变《国际植保公约》，不扩大现有义务或对其他任何协定或法律体系进行解释。
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Book (stand-alone)HandbookHandbook for monitoring and evaluation of child labour in agriculture
Measuring the impacts of agricultural and food security programmes on child labour in family-based agriculture
2015The Handbook offers guidance and tools for assessing the impacts of agricultural and food security programmes and projects on child labour in family-based agriculture. In addition, the Handbook aims to sensitize agricultural programme staff on the importance of incorporating child labour prevention as a crosscutting issue in their planning, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system and of systematically considering the potential positive and negative impacts of agricultural programmes on child labo ur. The Handbook furthermore encourages the user to identify good agricultural practices for preventing and reducing child labour in agriculture. -
DocumentGuidelineGuías de alimentación para Venezuela =Dietary Guidelines for Venezuela 2010
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food and Agriculture 2019
Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction
2019The need to reduce food loss and waste is firmly embedded in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Food loss and waste reduction is considered important for improving food security and nutrition, promoting environmental sustainability and lowering production costs. However, efforts to reduce food loss and waste will only be effective if informed by a solid understanding of the problem. This report provides new estimates of the percentage of the world’s food lost from production up to the retail level. The report also finds a vast diversity in existing estimates of losses, even for the same commodities and for the same stages in the supply chain. Clearly identifying and understanding critical loss points in specific supply chains – where considerable potential exists for reducing food losses – is crucial to deciding on appropriate measures. The report provides some guiding principles for interventions based on the objectives being pursued through food loss and waste reductions, be they in improved economic efficiency, food security and nutrition, or environmental sustainability.