مراجـع متوفرة باللغـة العر بيـة:
(مترتـبة حسـب ورودهـا فـي النـص)
1 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. 2024. قاعدة البيانات الإحصائية الموضوعية في منظمة الأغذية والزراعة: مجموعة مؤشرات الأمن الغذائي. [تمّ الاطلاع على الموقع في 7 مايو/أيار 2025]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/ar/#data/FS. الترخيص: CC-BY-4.0.
3 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة والصندوق الدولي للتنمية الزراعية واليونيسف وبرنامج الأغذية العالمي ومنظمة الصحة العالمية. 2018. حالة الأمن الغذائي والتغذية في العالم 2018. بناء القدرة على الصمود في وجه تغيّر المناخ من أجل الأمن الغذائي والتغذية. روما، منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i9553ar.
7 صندوق النقد الدولي. 2025. آفاق الاقتصاد العالمي، أبريل 2025: منعطفٌ حاسمٌ وسط تحولات في السياسات. https://www.imf.org/ar/Publications/WEO/Issues/2025/04/22/world-economic-outlook-april-2025.
18 الأمم المتحدة. 2025. تنفيذ عقد الأمم المتحدة للعمل من أجل التغذية (2016-2025). الوثيقة A/79/L.66. نيويورك، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. https://docs.un.org/ar/A/79/L.66
21 منظمة الصحة العالمية. 2025. تمديد العمل بخطة التنفيذ الشاملة الخاصة بتغذية الأمهات والرضّع وصغار الأطفال. مشروع مقرّر إجرائي مَقترح من ألبانيا، بنغلاديش، البرازيل، إثيوبيا، جورجيا، غانا، هنغاريا، أيرلندا، جامايكا، اليابان، ليسوتو، ولايات ميكرونيزيا الموحدة، ناميبيا، باكستان، باراغواي، بيرو، رومانيا، ساموا، جنوب أفريقيا، جمهورية تنزانيا المتحدة، أوكرانيا، المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وآيرلندا الشمالية، فانواتو. المجلس التنفيذي الدورة السادسة والخمسون بعد المائة. الوثيقة EB156/CONF./20. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB156/B156_CONF20-ar.pdf
23 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة ومنظمة الأمم المتحدة للطفولة (اليونيسف). 2021. مؤشرات تقييم ممارسات تغذية الرضّع وصغار الأطفال: التعاريف وطرق القياس. جينيف، سويسرا. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/377997/9789240037595-ara.pdf?sequence=1
المراجـع الأجنبية
(مترتـبة حسـب ورودهـا فـي النـص)
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4 FSIN (Food Security Information Network) & GNAFC (Global Network Against Food Crises). 2025. Global Report on Food Crises 2025. Rome. https://www.fsinplatform.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/GRFC2025-full.pdf
5 IPC (Integrated Food Security Phase Classification). 2025. IPC. [Cited 9 June 2025]. https://www.ipcinfo.org
6 IPC Global Partners. 2021. Integrated Food Security Phase Classification Technical Manual Version 3.1. Evidence and Standards for Better Food Security and Nutrition Decisions. Rome. https://www.ipcinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ipcinfo/manual/IPC_Technical_Manual_3_Final.pdf
8 European Commission: EUROSTAT. 2021. Applying the degree of urbanisation: a methodological manual to define cities, towns and rural areas for international comparisons – 2021 edition. Luxembourg, Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2785/706535
9 FAO & WHO (World Health Organization). 2019. Sustainable healthy diets – Guiding principles. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/CA6640EN
10 FAO & WHO. 2024. What are healthy diets? Joint statement by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland, WHO. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/379324
11 Verger, E.O., Savy, M., Martin-Prével, Y., Coates, J., Frongillo, E., Neufeld, L., Saha, K. et al. 2023. Healthy diet metrics: A suitability assessment of indicators for global and national monitoring purposes. Geneva, Switzerland, WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240072138
12 World Bank. 2024. Investment Framework for Nutrition 2024. Washington, DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/185f9382-722f-449c-8f92-aa976bba26cc/content
13 Horton, S. & Hoddinott, J. 2018. Benefits and Costs of the Food and Nutrition Targets for the Post-2015 Development Agenda. In: B. Lomborg, ed. Prioritizing Development: A Cost Benefit Analysis of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, pp. 367–374. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108233767.022
14 Victora, C.G., Adair, L., Fall, C., Hallal, P.C., Martorell, R., Richter, L. & Sachdev, H.S. 2008. Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. The Lancet, 371(9609): 340–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61692-4
15 Black, R.E., Alderman, H., Bhutta, Z.A., Gillespie, S., Haddad, L., Horton, S., Lartey, A. et al. 2013. Maternal and child nutrition: building momentum for impact. The Lancet, 382(9890): 372–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60988-5
16 Horton, R. 2008. Maternal and child undernutrition: an urgent opportunity. The Lancet, 371(9608): 179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61869-8
17 Thomas, B. 2022. From Evidence to Action: Uniting Around Nutrition in the 1000-Day Window. American Journal of Public Health, 112(S8): S754–S756. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307063
19 WHO & UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund). 2019. WHO/UNICEF discussion paper: The extension of the 2025 maternal, infant and young child nutrition targets to 2030. New York, USA, UNICEF. https://data.unicef.org/resources/who-unicef-discussion-paper-nutrition-targets
20 WHO. 2013. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506236
22 United Nations. 2025. IAEG-SDGs – 2025 Comprehensive Review Process. In: Sustainable Development Goals. [Cited 8 May 2025]. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/2025-comprehensive-review
24 FAO. 2021. Minimum dietary diversity for women. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb3434en
25 UNICEF. 2024. UNICEF data: Diets. [Accessed on 8 May 2025]. https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/diets. Licence: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO.
26 Kozuki, N., Lee, A.C., Katz, J. & Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group. 2012. Moderate to severe, but not mild, maternal anemia is associated with increased risk of small-for-gestational-age outcomes. The Journal of Nutrition, 142(2): 358–362. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.149237
27 Jung, J., Rahman, M.M., Rahman, M.S., Swe, K.T., Islam, M.R., Rahman, M.O. & Akter, S. 2019. Effects of hemoglobin levels during pregnancy on adverse maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1450(1): 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14112
28 Chaparro, C.M. & Suchdev, P.S. 2019. Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low- and middle-income countries. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1450(1): 15–31 https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14092
29 Alshwaiyat, N.M., Ahmad, A., Wan Hassan, W.M.R. & Al-Jamal, H.A.N. 2021. Association between obesity and iron deficiency (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22(5): 1268. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10703
30 Weiss, G. & Goodnough, L.T. 2005. Anemia of chronic disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 352,(10): 1011–1023. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmra041809
31 Ko, Y-A., Williams, A.M., Peerson, J.M., Luo, H., Flores-Ayala, R., Wirth, J.P., Engle-Stone, R., Young, M.F. & Suchdev, P.S. 2022. Approaches to quantify the contribution of multiple anemia risk factors in children and women from cross-sectional national surveys. PLOS Glob Public Health, 2(10): e0001071. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001071
32 Neufeld, L.M., Larson, L.M., Kurpad, A., Mburu, S., Martorell, R. & Brown, K.H. 2019. Hemoglobin concentration and anemia diagnosis in venous and capillary blood: biological basis and policy implications. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1450(1): 172–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14139
33 Karakochuk, C.D., Hess, S.Y., Moorthy, D., Namaste, S., Parker, M.E., Rappaport, A.I., Wegmüller, R., Dary, O. & HEmoglobin MEasurement (HEME) Working Group. 2019. Measurement and interpretation of hemoglobin concentration in clinical and field settings: a narrative review. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1450(1): 126–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14003
34 WHO. 2024. Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia in individuals and populations. Washington, DC. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240088542
مراجـع متوفرة باللغـة العر بيـة:
2 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. 2024. قاعدة البيانات الإحصائية الموضوعية في منظمة الأغذية والزراعة: مؤشرات أسعار الاستهلاك. [تمّ الاطلاع على الموقع في 19 مارس/آذار 2025]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/ar/#data/CP. الترخيص: CC-BY-4.0.
3 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. 2024. قاعدة البيانات الإحصائية الموضوعية في منظمة الأغذية والزراعة: مؤشرات أسعار الاستهلاك. [تمّ الاطلاع على الموقع في 19 مارس/آذار 2025]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/ar/#data/CP. الترخيص: CC-BY-4.0
15 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. 2008. حالة انعدام الأمن الغذائي في العالم 2008. ارتفاع أسعار الأغذية والأمن الغذائي – الأخطار والفرص. روما. https://www.fao.org/4/i0291a/i0291a00.pdf
17 البنك الدولي. 2008. تقرير التنمية الدولية لعام 2008 – الزراعة من أجل التنمية. واشنطن، العاصمة. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/5990
21 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة والصندوق الدولي للتنمية الزراعية ومنظمة الأمم المتحدة للطفولة (اليونيسف) وبرنامج الأغذية العالمي ومنظمة الصحة العالمية. 2023. حالة الأمن الغذائي والتغذية في العالم 2023. التوسع الحضري وتحويل النُظم الزراعية والأنماط الغذائية الصحية عبر التسلسل الريفي الحضري المتصل. روما، منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3017ar
29 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. 2025. أداة رصد وتحليل أسعار الأسعار. في: منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. [ورد ذكره في 5 مايو/أيار 2025]. https://fpma.fao.org/giews/fpmat4/global/#/dashboard/home
30 الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء الفلسطيني. 2025. الرقم القياسي لأسعار المستهلك. [ورد ذكره في 5 مايو/أيار 2025]. https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/site/lang__ar/695/default.aspx?lang=ar
53 صندوق النقد الدولي. 2024. آفاق الاقتصاد العالمي، أكتوبر/تشرين الأول 2024: تحول السياسات، وتزايد التهديدات. في: صندوق النقد الدولي. [ورد ذكره في 20 فبراير/شباط 2025]. https://www.imf.org/ar/Publications/WEO/Issues/2024/10/22/world-economic-outlook-october-2024
56 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. 2025. حالة الأغذية في العالم – مؤشر المنظمة لأسعار الأغذية. في: منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. [ورد ذكره في 17 مارس/آذار 2025]. https://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/foodpricesindex/ar
82 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. 2023. أثر الكوارث على الزراعة والأمن الغذائي 2023: تجنب الخسائر وتقليلها من خلال الاستثمار في القدرة على الصمود. روما، منظمة الأغذية والزراعة في الأمم المتحدة. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7900ar
127 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة. 2008. حالة إنعدام الأمن الغذائي في العالم 2008. ارتفاع أسعار الأغذية والأمن الغذائي – الأخطار والفرص. روما. https://www.fao.org/4/i0291a/i0291a00.pdf
129 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة والصندوق الدولي للتنمية الزراعية ومنظمة الأمم المتحدة للطفولة (اليونيسف) وبرنامج الأغذية العالمي ومنظمة الصحة العالمية. 2024. حالة الأمن الغذائي والتغذية في العالم 2024 – التمويل من أجل القضاء على الجوع وانعدام الأمن الغذائي وسوء التغذية بجميع أشكاله – المواد التكميلية. روما. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd1254ar-supplementary
136 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة والصندوق الدولي للتنمية الزراعية ومنظمة الأمم المتحدة للطفولة (اليونيسف) وبرنامج الأغذية العالمي ومنظمة الصحة العالمية. 2019. حالة الأمن الغذائي والتغذية في العالم 2019 - الاحتراز من حالات التباطؤ والانكماش الاقتصادي. روما.https://doi.org/10.4060/CA5162AR
138 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة والصندوق الدولي للتنمية الزراعية ومنظمة الأمم المتحدة للطفولة (اليونيسف) وبرنامج الأغذية العالمي ومنظمة الصحة العالمية. 2018. حالة الأمن الغذائي والتغذية في العالم 2018 بناء القدرة على الصمود في وجه تغيّر المناخ من أجل الأمن الغذائي والتغذية. روما. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i9553ar
139 منظمة الأغذية والزراعة والصندوق الدولي للتنمية الزراعية ومنظمة الأمم المتحدة للطفولة (اليونيسف) وبرنامج الأغذية العالمي ومنظمة الصحة العالمية. 2021. حالة الأمن الغذائي والتغذية في العالم 2021 - تحويل النظم الغذائية من أجل الأمن الغذائي وتحسين التغذية وتوفير أنماط غذائية صحية ميسورة الكلفة للجميع. روما. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4474ar
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المراجـع الأجنبية
(مترتـبة حسـب ورودهـا فـي النـص)
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الملاحق
مراجـع متوفرة باللغـة العر بيـة:
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