1 Variation in area, yield and production of cereals by region, 1964–2023
2 Variation in cropping intensity (all crops), 1964–2023
3 Estimate of land used for cereal production, 1964–2023
4 Change in extent of agricultural land, 1964–2023
5 Change in extent of agricultural land by land-use category, 1964–2023
6 Evolution of land equipped for irrigation, 1964–2023
7 Irrigated and rainfed land by region, and the relative production value
8 Suitability classes considered in the Global Agro-Ecological Zoning analysis
11 Nine steps in the FAO guidelines for integrated land-use planning
A.1 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
A.2 Country composition of the regions and subregions in the report
FIGURES
1 Global trends in cropland area per capita and gross production value of crops, 1992–2022
2 Human-induced land degradation, 2020
3 Nitrogen nutrient balances per unit area of cropland, 2022
4 Trends in consumption of bioenergy, 2010–2023
5 Average annual temperature change by country, 2024
6 Distribution of cropland area, 2020
7 Components of the world’s land use and net changes, 2001–2023
8 Net change in cropland area by region and land-use component, 2001–2023
9 Historical drought frequency on rainfed cropland, 1984–2023
10 Historical drought frequency on rainfed pastureland, 1984–2023
11 Sources of variation in cereal production, 1964–2023
12 Variation in the use of fertilizers in cropland, 1964–2023
13 Evolution of global sectoral water withdrawals, 1900–2020
14 SDG Indicator 6.4.2 – Level of water stress on irrigated areas, 2018
19 Yield gaps for maize, rice and wheat by severity level, average 2001–2020
21 Trends in land under irrigation and rainfed cropping, 1990–2020
22 Level of water stress by major river basin, 2018–2021
26 Trends in production of five non-wood forest products, 2000–2022
27 The nine steps of the FAO guidelines for integrated land-use planning
28 FAO Conceptual Framework for Integrated Land and Water Resources Management
BOXES
1 How irrigation contributes to crop production
2 Soil and terrain factors considered in Global Agro-Ecological Zoning
3 Levels of input and management considered in Global Agro-Ecological Zoning
4 Unlocking the potential of marginal lands
5 FAO’s Agricultural Stress Index System
6 Crop diversification, composting and raised beds in Cuba
7 Prioritization of Irrigation Schemes for Modernization/Rehabilitation in Tajikistan
8 Enhancing water-use efficiency through remote sensing drone technology in Lebanon
9 Four factors for successful irrigation modernization benchmarking
10 Soil and water management in pasturelands of China
11 Precision livestock farming technologies in pasture-based systems
12 Applying the Participatory Informed Landscape Approach in Nigeria
13 Forest and landscape restoration in Morocco
14 Scaling out green value chains: the Sustainable Landscape Production Framework
15 National Plan of Action for Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in Uganda
16 Innovation in inland aquaculture
17 Integrating fisheries into irrigation systems in Kirindi Oya, Sri Lanka
18 Main features of integrated land-use planning (ILUP)
19 Morocco: developing a Territorial Planning Pact in the Souss-Massa region
20 Making integrated water resources management work for fisheries
21 Repurposing agricultural subsidies
22 Decision support systems for irrigation management
23 Using FAO’s SEPAL platform to assess forest restoration potential