TABLES

1 Variation in area, yield and production of cereals by region, 1964–2023

2 Variation in cropping intensity (all crops), 1964–2023

3 Estimate of land used for cereal production, 1964–2023

4 Change in extent of agricultural land, 1964–2023

5 Change in extent of agricultural land by land-use category, 1964–2023

6 Evolution of land equipped for irrigation, 1964–2023

7 Irrigated and rainfed land by region, and the relative production value

8 Suitability classes considered in the Global Agro-Ecological Zoning analysis

9 Extent of suitable area under historical climate scenario (2001–2020) and net variations for future climate scenarios (2081–2100): SSP 2.6 (low emissions) and SSP 8.5 (high emissions)

10 Net irrigation demand in the historical period (2001–2020) and percentage variations in the future (2081–2100) under SSP 2.6 (low emissions) and SSP 8.5 (high emissions) climate scenarios

11 Nine steps in the FAO guidelines for integrated land-use planning

A.1 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report

A.2 Country composition of the regions and subregions in the report


FIGURES

1 Global trends in cropland area per capita and gross production value of crops, 1992–2022

2 Human-induced land degradation, 2020

3 Nitrogen nutrient balances per unit area of cropland, 2022

4 Trends in consumption of bioenergy, 2010–2023

5 Average annual temperature change by country, 2024

6 Distribution of cropland area, 2020

7 Components of the world’s land use and net changes, 2001–2023

8 Net change in cropland area by region and land-use component, 2001–2023

9 Historical drought frequency on rainfed cropland, 1984–2023

10 Historical drought frequency on rainfed pastureland, 1984–2023

11 Sources of variation in cereal production, 1964–2023

12 Variation in the use of fertilizers in cropland, 1964–2023

13 Evolution of global sectoral water withdrawals, 1900–2020

14 SDG Indicator 6.4.2 – Level of water stress on irrigated areas, 2018

15 Global distribution of land suitable for cultivation by land cover class, under low-input (L) and high-input (H) management scenarios, average 2001–2020

16 Regional distribution of land by suitability for prevalent land cover/land use under low-input and high-input management scenarios, average 2001–2020

17 Regional distribution of prime and good land in grassland and shrubland under low-input management and rainfed conditions, with and without grazing animals, 2015

18 Attainable and actual yields, global and regional results for cereals, oil crops, and roots and tubers, average 2001–2020

19 Yield gaps for maize, rice and wheat by severity level, average 2001–2020

20 Main soil and terrain constraints in conditions of low-input management in current cropland by region and suitability class

21 Trends in land under irrigation and rainfed cropping, 1990–2020

22 Level of water stress by major river basin, 2018–2021

23 Historical and projected extent of suitable (prime and good) land under rainfed conditions by region for four main crops under different climate scenarios

24 Impact of climate change on the extent of prime and good land for four crops under rainfed conditions, SSP 8.5

25 Impact of climate change on the extent of prime and good land for four crops under rainfed conditions, SSP 2.6

26 Trends in production of five non-wood forest products, 2000–2022

27 The nine steps of the FAO guidelines for integrated land-use planning

28 FAO Conceptual Framework for Integrated Land and Water Resources Management


BOXES

1 How irrigation contributes to crop production

2 Soil and terrain factors considered in Global Agro-Ecological Zoning

3 Levels of input and management considered in Global Agro-Ecological Zoning

4 Unlocking the potential of marginal lands

5 FAO’s Agricultural Stress Index System

6 Crop diversification, composting and raised beds in Cuba

7 Prioritization of Irrigation Schemes for Modernization/Rehabilitation in Tajikistan

8 Enhancing water-use efficiency through remote sensing drone technology in Lebanon

9 Four factors for successful irrigation modernization benchmarking

10 Soil and water management in pasturelands of China

11 Precision livestock farming technologies in pasture-based systems

12 Applying the Participatory Informed Landscape Approach in Nigeria

13 Forest and landscape restoration in Morocco

14 Scaling out green value chains: the Sustainable Landscape Production Framework

15 National Plan of Action for Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in Uganda

16 Innovation in inland aquaculture

17 Integrating fisheries into irrigation systems in Kirindi Oya, Sri Lanka

18 Main features of integrated land-use planning (ILUP)

19 Morocco: developing a Territorial Planning Pact in the Souss-Massa region

20 Making integrated water resources management work for fisheries

21 Repurposing agricultural subsidies

22 Decision support systems for irrigation management

23 Using FAO’s SEPAL platform to assess forest restoration potential

24 The Farmer Field School approach

25 Prioritizing institutional capacity development

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